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ksp-34-serial
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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "36cee816",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Řešení 1. série"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "efe16561",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<pre style=\"white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace\">Manim Community <span style=\"color: #008000\">v0.12.0</span>\n",
"\n",
"</pre>\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"<rich.jupyter.JupyterRenderable at 0x7f2157da0e80>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"from manim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "24037488",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Míchání"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "252d64a3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
" \r"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<video src=\"media/jupyter/Shuffle@2021-12-03@16-30-04.mp4\" controls autoplay loop style=\"max-width: 60%;\" >\n",
" Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.\n",
" </video>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.Video object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Shuffle\n",
"\n",
"from random import *\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Shuffle(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xdeadbeef)\n",
" \n",
" # počet hodnot k míchání\n",
" n = 5\n",
"\n",
" circles = [\n",
" Circle(color=WHITE, fill_opacity=0.8, fill_color=WHITE).scale(0.6)\n",
" for _ in range(n)\n",
" ]\n",
"\n",
" # mezery mezi kruhy\n",
" spacing = 2\n",
" for i, circle in enumerate(circles):\n",
" circle.shift(RIGHT * (i - (len(circles) - 1) / 2) * spacing)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(*[Write(circle) for circle in circles])\n",
"\n",
" # vybraný kruh\n",
" selected = randint(0, n - 1)\n",
" self.play(circles[selected].animate.set_color(RED))\n",
" self.play(circles[selected].animate.set_color(WHITE))\n",
"\n",
" # postupné zrychlování při navazujících prohozeních\n",
" swaps = 13\n",
" speed_start = 1\n",
" speed_end = 0.2\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(swaps):\n",
" speed = speed_start - abs(speed_start - speed_end) / swaps * i\n",
" \n",
" # vybrání dvou různých náhodných kruhů\n",
" a, b = sample(range(n), 2)\n",
" \n",
" # prohození s o trochu větším úhlem, jinak přes sebe kruhy procházejí, což není hezké\n",
" self.play(\n",
" Swap(circles[a], circles[b]), run_time=speed, path_arc=135 * DEGREES\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # zvýraznění původních kruhů\n",
" self.play(circles[selected].animate.set_color(RED))\n",
" self.play(circles[selected].animate.set_color(WHITE))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c5b2a96d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Třízení"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "72c49f8f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
" \r"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<video src=\"media/jupyter/Sort@2021-12-03@16-32-06.mp4\" controls autoplay loop style=\"max-width: 60%;\" >\n",
" Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.\n",
" </video>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.Video object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Sort\n",
"\n",
"from random import *\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Sort(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xdeadbeef)\n",
" \n",
" # počet hodnot ke třízení\n",
" n = 20\n",
"\n",
" # nejmenší a největší hodnta\n",
" value_min, value_max = 1, 20\n",
"\n",
" # hodnoty v poli\n",
" values = [randint(value_min, value_max) for _ in range(n)]\n",
"\n",
" # šířka čtverce a výška jedné hodnoty (tzn. číslo 5 má výšku 5 * unit_height)\n",
" rectangle_width = 0.2\n",
" unit_height = 0.2\n",
"\n",
" # mezera mezi obdélníky\n",
" rectangle_spacing = 2.5\n",
" \n",
" rectangles = [\n",
" Rectangle(\n",
" width=rectangle_width,\n",
" height=unit_height * v,\n",
" fill_color=WHITE,\n",
" fill_opacity=1,\n",
" )\n",
" for v in values\n",
" ]\n",
" \n",
" # bod, podle kterého budeme rovnat spodek přes funkci align_to\n",
" # aby byly čtverce vycentrované, bude odpovídat spodku nejvyšší hodnoty\n",
" alignment_point = None\n",
" max_value = 0\n",
" for i, v in enumerate(values):\n",
" if max_value < v:\n",
" max_value = v\n",
" alignment_point = Point().shift(DOWN * rectangles[i].height / 2)\n",
"\n",
" # posun obdélníků tak, aby byly rovnoměrně rozprostřené a zarovnané dolů\n",
" for i, rect in enumerate(rectangles):\n",
" rect.shift(\n",
" RIGHT\n",
" * (i - (len(rectangles) - 1) / 2)\n",
" * rectangle_width\n",
" * rectangle_spacing\n",
" ).align_to(alignment_point, DOWN)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(*[Write(r) for r in rectangles])\n",
"\n",
" def animate_at(a, b, duration):\n",
" \"\"\"Animace toho, že se aktuálně díváme na pozice a a b.\"\"\"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" *[\n",
" r.animate.set_color(WHITE if i not in (a, b) else YELLOW)\n",
" for i, r in enumerate(rectangles)\n",
" ],\n",
" run_time=duration,\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" def animate_swap(a, b, duration):\n",
" \"\"\"Animace prohození a a b (s tím, že v poli values už jsou prohozené).\"\"\"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" # jelikož stretch_to_fit_height stretchuje z prostředku, musíme alignnout na bod\n",
" rectangles[a]\n",
" .animate.stretch_to_fit_height(values[a] * unit_height)\n",
" .align_to(alignment_point, DOWN),\n",
" rectangles[b]\n",
" .animate.stretch_to_fit_height(values[b] * unit_height)\n",
" .align_to(alignment_point, DOWN),\n",
" run_time=duration,\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # při prvním průchodu jsou animace pomalejší\n",
" speed_slow = 0.6\n",
" speed_fast = 0.07\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" speed = speed_slow if i == 0 else speed_fast\n",
" swapped = False\n",
" for j in range(n - i - 1):\n",
" animate_at(j, j + 1, speed)\n",
"\n",
" if values[j] > values[j + 1]:\n",
" values[j], values[j + 1] = values[j + 1], values[j]\n",
"\n",
" animate_swap(j, j + 1, speed)\n",
" swapped = True\n",
"\n",
" # pokud jsme při průchodu nic neprohodili, tak už není co třídit\n",
" if not swapped:\n",
" break\n",
"\n",
" self.play(*[FadeOut(r) for r in rectangles])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "7a4c30a9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Vyhledávání"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "07983bb0",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
" \r"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<video src=\"media/jupyter/Search@2021-12-03@16-32-19.mp4\" controls autoplay loop style=\"max-width: 60%;\" >\n",
" Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.\n",
" </video>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.Video object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Search\n",
"\n",
"from random import *\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Search(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xdeadbeef4) # hezčí vstup :)\n",
" \n",
" # počet hodnot ke třízení\n",
" n = 10\n",
"\n",
" # nejmenší a největší hodnta\n",
" value_min, value_max = 1, n\n",
"\n",
" # hodnoty v poli\n",
" values = sorted([randint(value_min, value_max) for _ in range(n)])\n",
"\n",
" square_side_length = 0.75\n",
" square_spacing = 1.3\n",
"\n",
" squares = [Square(side_length=square_side_length) for v in values]\n",
" numbers = [Tex(f\"${v}$\") for v in values]\n",
"\n",
" # posun čtverců tak, aby byly uprostřed obrazovky\n",
" for i, rect in enumerate(squares):\n",
" rect.shift(\n",
" RIGHT\n",
" * (i - (len(squares) - 1) / 2)\n",
" * square_side_length\n",
" * square_spacing\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # posun textu tak, aby byly uvnitř čtverců\n",
" for i, number in enumerate(numbers):\n",
" number.move_to(squares[i])\n",
"\n",
" # pointery na to, kde aktuálně jsme\n",
" pointer_length = 0.4\n",
" l_arrow = Arrow(start=DOWN * pointer_length, end=UP).next_to(squares[0], DOWN)\n",
" r_arrow = Arrow(start=DOWN * pointer_length, end=UP).next_to(squares[-1], DOWN)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(*[Write(s) for s in squares], *[Write(n) for n in numbers])\n",
"\n",
" # vypsání čísla, které hledáme\n",
" target = randint(value_min, value_max)\n",
" text = Tex(f\"Hledáme: ${target}$\").shift(UP * 1.5)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(text))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(l_arrow), Write(r_arrow))\n",
"\n",
" lo, hi = 0, len(values) - 1\n",
"\n",
" def color_in_range(objects, color, range):\n",
" \"\"\"Vrátí seznam animací vybarvení daných objektů v daném rozmezí.\"\"\"\n",
" return [\n",
" o.animate.set_color(color) for i, o in enumerate(objects) if i in range\n",
" ]\n",
"\n",
" # samotný algoritmus\n",
" while lo < hi:\n",
" avg = (lo + hi) // 2\n",
" \n",
" # vykreslení pointeru u aktuálního prvku\n",
" current_arrow = Arrow(start=DOWN * pointer_length, end=UP) \\\n",
" .next_to(squares[avg], DOWN) \\\n",
" .set_color(ORANGE)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(current_arrow))\n",
"\n",
" if values[avg] < target:\n",
" # posunutí levého pointeru\n",
" self.play(\n",
" FadeOut(current_arrow),\n",
" l_arrow.animate.next_to(squares[avg + 1], DOWN),\n",
" *color_in_range(squares, DARK_GRAY, range(lo, avg + 1)),\n",
" *color_in_range(numbers, DARK_GRAY, range(lo, avg + 1)),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" lo = avg + 1\n",
" elif values[avg] >= target:\n",
" # posunutí pravého pointeru\n",
" self.play(\n",
" FadeOut(current_arrow),\n",
" r_arrow.animate.next_to(squares[avg], DOWN),\n",
" *color_in_range(squares, DARK_GRAY, range(avg + 1, hi + 1)),\n",
" *color_in_range(numbers, DARK_GRAY, range(avg + 1, hi + 1)),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" hi = avg\n",
"\n",
" # nalezení hledané hodnoty\n",
" if values[hi] == target:\n",
" self.play(\n",
" *color_in_range(squares, DARK_GRAY, range(hi)),\n",
" *color_in_range(squares, DARK_GRAY, range(hi+1, n)),\n",
" *color_in_range(numbers, DARK_GRAY, range(hi)),\n",
" *color_in_range(numbers, DARK_GRAY, range(hi+1, n)),\n",
" numbers[hi].animate.set_color(GREEN),\n",
" squares[hi].animate.set_color(GREEN),\n",
" FadeOut(l_arrow),\n",
" )\n",
" break\n",
" \n",
" \n",
" self.play(*[FadeOut(r) for r in numbers + squares + [r_arrow, text]])"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.9.7"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "substantial-impact",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Vítej!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "first-armenia",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Tento dokument obsahuje zdrojové kódy animací k této sérii seriálu, které jdou upravovat a přehrávat bez toho, aby bylo potřeba cokoliv instalovat. Části dokumentu, u kterých je nalevo `In [ ]:` obsahují kód a jdou spustit - stačí je levým tlačítkem vybrat a nahoře zmáčkout `▶`."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "badc1af7",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Zkuste to u následujícího příkazu, který pro zbytek dokumentu importuje všechno potřebné pro spouštění Manimu (bez něho animace nepoběží)."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e03b150c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from manim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "honest-cruise",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## KSP logo"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "governing-increase",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Animace loga KSP z úvodu seriálu (je v pořádku, že některé jeho části vám ještě nedávají smysl)."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "wound-foundation",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm KSPLogo\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class KSPLogo(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # na černém pozadí hrošík není vidět...\n",
" self.camera.background_color = WHITE\n",
"\n",
" hroch = SVGMobject(\"serial1/hroch.svg\").scale(2)\n",
" self.play(Write(hroch))\n",
"\n",
" logo = Tex(\"KSP\", color=BLACK).scale(2.5)\n",
" self.bring_to_back(logo)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(logo.animate.shift(DOWN * 2.3), hroch.animate.shift(UP * 0.6))\n",
"\n",
" logo_expanded = Tex(\"Korespondenční Seminář z Programování\", color=BLACK) \\\n",
" .scale(1.3) \\\n",
" .move_to(logo)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(TransformMatchingShapes(logo, logo_expanded))\n",
" \n",
" self.play(FadeOut(logo_expanded), FadeOut(hroch))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e6050303",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Příkaz `manim -v WARNING -qm KSPLogo` volá program Manim na scénu `KSPLogo`. Část `-v WARNING` tlumí výpis nedůležitých informací (zkuste pro zajímavost spustit kód bez něho) a `-qm` nastavuje kvalitu (`q`uality) videa na střední (`m`edium; další dostupné kvality jsou `l`ow, `h`igh a 4`k`)."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "1fa02f58",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Úvod"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "d63a1c09",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm Intro\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Intro(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # vytvoření objektů čtverce a kruhu (a jejich posunutí)\n",
" square = Square(color=RED).shift(LEFT * 2)\n",
" circle = Circle(color=BLUE).shift(RIGHT * 2)\n",
"\n",
" # napsaní čtverce a kruhu na scénu\n",
" self.play(Write(square), Write(circle))\n",
"\n",
" # schování čtverce a kruhu ze scény\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(square), FadeOut(circle), run_time=2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "ed91705e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## `animate` syntax"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "870dad88",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm Animate\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Animate(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" square = Square(color=RED).shift(LEFT * 2)\n",
" circle = Circle(color=BLUE).shift(RIGHT * 2)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(square), Write(circle))\n",
"\n",
" # posunutí objektů\n",
" self.play(square.animate.shift(UP * 0.5), circle.animate.shift(DOWN * 0.5))\n",
"\n",
" # otočení a vybarvení vnitřku čtverce (průhlednost 80%)\n",
" # zvětšení a vybarvení vnitřku kruhu (průhlednost 80%)\n",
" self.play(\n",
" square.animate.rotate(PI / 2).set_fill(RED, 0.8),\n",
" circle.animate.scale(2).set_fill(BLUE, 0.8),\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" # úplné přebarvení kruhu i čtverce (obrys i výplň)\n",
" # stejné jako .set_fill() + .set_stroke()\n",
" self.play(\n",
" square.animate.set_color(GREEN),\n",
" circle.animate.set_color(ORANGE),\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" self.play(FadeOut(square), FadeOut(circle))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f5464852",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Posouvání objektů"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b1973f27",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm NextTo\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class NextTo(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # vytvoření čtyřech menších kruhů\n",
" c1, c2, c3, c4 = [Circle(radius=0.5, color=WHITE) for _ in range(4)]\n",
"\n",
" # a jednoho obélníku\n",
" rectangle = Rectangle(width=5, height=3)\n",
" \n",
" # posunutí kruhů tak, aby byly okolo obdélníku\n",
" c1.next_to(rectangle, LEFT) # nalevo od\n",
" c2.next_to(rectangle, UP) # nahoře od\n",
" c3.next_to(rectangle, RIGHT) # napravo od\n",
" c4.next_to(rectangle, DOWN) # dolů od\n",
"\n",
" self.play(*[Write(o) for o in [c1, c2, c3, c4, rectangle]])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "7f32d0db",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm MoveTo\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class MoveTo(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" s1, s2, s3 = [Square() for _ in range(3)]\n",
" \n",
" self.play(*[Write(o) for o in [s1, s2, s3]])\n",
" \n",
" # posunutí čtverců vedle sebe\n",
" self.play(\n",
" s1.animate.next_to(s2, LEFT),\n",
" s3.animate.next_to(s2, RIGHT),\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" # jim odpovídající čísla\n",
" t1, t2, t3 = [Tex(f\"${i}$\").scale(3) for i in range(3)]\n",
" \n",
" # posunutí čísel do středů čtverců\n",
" t1.move_to(s1)\n",
" t2.move_to(s2)\n",
" t3.move_to(s3)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(*[Write(o) for o in [t1, t2, t3]])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "54dc3698",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm AlignTo\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class AlignTo(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # vytvoření tří různě velikých kruhů\n",
" c1, c2, c3 = [Circle(radius=1.5 - i / 3, color=WHITE) for i in range(3)]\n",
"\n",
" self.play(*[Write(o) for o in [c1, c2, c3]])\n",
"\n",
" # c1 a c3 vedle c2\n",
" self.play(\n",
" c1.animate.next_to(c2, LEFT),\n",
" c3.animate.next_to(c2, RIGHT),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # spodek c1 a c3 je stejný jako c2\n",
" self.play(\n",
" c1.animate.align_to(c2, DOWN),\n",
" c3.animate.align_to(c2, DOWN),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # vršek c1, c2 a c3 je vyrovnaný s bodem\n",
" point = Point([0, 2.5, 0])\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" c1.animate.align_to(point, UP),\n",
" c2.animate.align_to(point, UP),\n",
" c3.animate.align_to(point, UP),\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "53e6209b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Sázení textu a matematiky"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "a0de016f",
"metadata": {
"scrolled": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm TextAndMath\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class TextAndMath(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" text = Tex(\"Tohle je text!\").shift(LEFT * 2.5)\n",
" \n",
" # ke snazšímu psaní \\ používáme r-stringy (před stringem je 'r')\n",
" # znamená to, že znaky '\\' jsou brány doslova (v normálním stringu by bylo potřeba psát \\\\)\n",
" formula = MathTex(r\"\\sum_{i = 0}^\\infty \\frac{1}{2^i} = 2\").shift(RIGHT * 2.5)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(formula), Write(text))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(formula), FadeOut(text))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "98daca2b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Kostry úloh"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "ec0a8c9a",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Míchání [4b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "d4d6c6e8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm Shuffle\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Shuffle(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b8327d92",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh ShuffleExample\n",
"\n",
"class ShuffleExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" c11 = Circle(color=WHITE).shift(UP * 1.5 + LEFT * 2)\n",
" c12 = Circle(color=WHITE).shift(UP * 1.5 + RIGHT * 2)\n",
" c21 = Circle(color=WHITE).shift(DOWN * 1.5 + LEFT * 2)\n",
" c22 = Circle(color=WHITE).shift(DOWN * 1.5 + RIGHT * 2)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(c11), Write(c12), Write(c21), Write(c22))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Swap(c11, c21))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Swap(c12, c22, path_arc=160 * DEGREES))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "6e2024fc",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Třízení [6b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "2736f1be",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm Sort\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Sort(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "54e8ed05",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm StretchToFitHeightExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class StretchToFitHeightExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" s1 = Square().shift(LEFT * 2.5)\n",
" s2 = Square().shift(RIGHT * 2.5)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(s1), Write(s2))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" s1.animate.stretch_to_fit_height(3.5),\n",
" s2.animate.set_height(3.5),\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5e5ac98b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Vyhledávání [5b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "cdcf26cc",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm Search\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Search(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "9f62d7a5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qm ArrowExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class ArrowExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" a1 = Arrow(start=UP, end=DOWN).shift(LEFT * 2)\n",
" a2 = Arrow(start=DOWN, end=UP).shift(RIGHT * 2)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(a1), Write(a2))"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.9.9"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

329
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@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "36cee816",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Řešení 2. série"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "efe16561",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from manim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "36ec08cc",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Trojúhelník"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e7a3da39",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Triangle\n",
"\n",
"from random import *\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Triangle(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF)\n",
"\n",
" # vše trochu zvětšíme\n",
" c = 2\n",
"\n",
" p1 = Dot().scale(c).shift(UP * c)\n",
" p2 = Dot().scale(c).shift(DOWN * c + LEFT * c)\n",
" p3 = Dot().scale(c).shift(DOWN * c + RIGHT * c)\n",
"\n",
" points = VGroup(p1, p2, p3)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(points, lag_ratio=0.5), run_time=1.5)\n",
"\n",
" l1 = Line()\n",
" l2 = Line()\n",
" l3 = Line()\n",
"\n",
" lines = VGroup(l1, l2, l3)\n",
"\n",
" def create_line_updater(a, b):\n",
" \"\"\"Vrátí funkci, která se chová jako updater nějaké úsečky.\"\"\"\n",
" return lambda x: x.become(Line(start=a.get_center(), end=b.get_center()))\n",
"\n",
" l1.add_updater(create_line_updater(p1, p2))\n",
" l2.add_updater(create_line_updater(p2, p3))\n",
" l3.add_updater(create_line_updater(p3, p1))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(lines, lag_ratio=0.5), run_time=1.5)\n",
"\n",
" x = Tex(\"x\")\n",
" y = Tex(\"y\")\n",
" z = Tex(\"z\")\n",
"\n",
" x.add_updater(lambda x: x.next_to(p1, UP))\n",
" y.add_updater(lambda x: x.next_to(p2, DOWN + LEFT))\n",
" z.add_updater(lambda x: x.next_to(p3, DOWN + RIGHT))\n",
"\n",
" labels = VGroup(x, y, z).scale(c * 0.8)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(labels, shift=UP * 0.2))\n",
"\n",
" circle = Circle()\n",
" circle.add_updater(\n",
" lambda c: c.become(\n",
" Circle.from_three_points(\n",
" p1.get_center(), p2.get_center(), p3.get_center()\n",
" )\n",
" )\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(circle))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" p2.animate.shift(LEFT + UP),\n",
" p1.animate.shift(RIGHT),\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "171e8840",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Vlna"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "252d64a3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Wave\n",
"\n",
"from random import *\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Wave(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF)\n",
"\n",
" maze_string = \"\"\"\n",
"#######################################################\n",
"# ################# ## #\n",
"# ################## #### #\n",
"# ################# #### #\n",
"# ############### ##### # ##\n",
"# ######### ##### ####\n",
"# ### ###### ######\n",
"# ### ## ##### ### #####\n",
"# #### ######## #### ##### ## #\n",
"# ##### ########## ### ######## # #\n",
"# ##### ########### ######## #\n",
"# #### ########### ########## #\n",
"# ## ########### ########## #\n",
"# #### ############ ############# #\n",
"# ###### ############ ############# #\n",
"# ######### ## ########### ######### # #\n",
"# ############### ######### ####### #\n",
"# ############### ###### ###### #\n",
"# ############### ##### #### #\n",
"# ############# # ## #\n",
"# # ####### ########### ####\n",
"# ### # #################\n",
"# ## #### #################\n",
"##### ###### ##################\n",
"###### ###### ##################\n",
"# ### ### ####### ### ############### #\n",
"# #### ############ #### ####### #\n",
"# ##### ############ ### #\n",
"# ### ########## #\n",
"#######################################################\n",
"\"\"\"\n",
"\n",
" maze = [] # 2D pole čtverců tak, jak ho vidíme\n",
" maze_bool = [] # 2D pole True/False\n",
" all_squares = VGroup()\n",
"\n",
" # parsujeme vstup, řádek po řádku\n",
" for row in maze_string.strip().splitlines():\n",
" maze.append([])\n",
" maze_bool.append([])\n",
"\n",
" for char in row:\n",
" square = Square(\n",
" side_length=0.23,\n",
" stroke_width=1,\n",
" fill_color=WHITE if char == \"#\" else BLACK,\n",
" fill_opacity=1,\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" maze[-1].append(square)\n",
" maze_bool[-1].append(char == \" \")\n",
" all_squares.add(square)\n",
"\n",
" # rozměry bludiště\n",
" w = len(maze[0])\n",
" h = len(maze)\n",
"\n",
" # rozmístění do gridu\n",
" all_squares.arrange_in_grid(rows=h, buff=0)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(all_squares), run_time=2)\n",
"\n",
" # startovní pozice\n",
" x, y = 1, 1\n",
"\n",
" colors = [\"#ef476f\", \"#ffd166\", \"#06d6a0\", \"#118ab2\"]\n",
"\n",
" # vytvoříme si slovník se vzdálenostmi od startu\n",
" distances = {(x, y): 0}\n",
" stack = [(x, y, 0)]\n",
"\n",
" while len(stack) != 0:\n",
" x, y, d = stack.pop(0)\n",
"\n",
" for dx, dy in ((0, 1), (1, 0), (-1, 0), (0, -1)):\n",
" nx, ny = dx + x, dy + y\n",
"\n",
" # není potřeba, jelikož vstup je ohraničený a nikde nevyběhneme :)\n",
" #if nx < 0 or nx >= w or ny < 0 or ny >= h:\n",
" # continue\n",
"\n",
" if maze_bool[ny][nx] and (nx, ny) not in distances:\n",
" stack.append((nx, ny, d + 1))\n",
" distances[(nx, ny)] = d + 1\n",
"\n",
" max_distance = max([d for d in distances.values()])\n",
"\n",
" all_colors = color_gradient(colors, max_distance + 1)\n",
"\n",
" # vytvoříme skupiny podle vzdálenosti od startu\n",
" groups = []\n",
" for d in range(max_distance + 1):\n",
" groups.append(\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" *[\n",
" maze[y][x].animate.set_fill(all_colors[d])\n",
" for x, y in distances\n",
" if distances[x, y] == d\n",
" ]\n",
" )\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(*groups, lag_ratio=0.08))\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e6f13b54",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Hilbert"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "06ed2d5c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Hilbert\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Path(VMobject):\n",
" def __init__(self, points, *args, **kwargs):\n",
" super().__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)\n",
" self.set_points_as_corners(points)\n",
"\n",
" def get_important_points(self):\n",
" \"\"\"Vrátí důležité body křivky.\"\"\"\n",
" return list(self.get_start_anchors()) + [self.get_end_anchors()[-1]]\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Hilbert(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" directions = [LEFT + DOWN, LEFT + UP, RIGHT + UP, RIGHT + DOWN]\n",
"\n",
" hilbert = Path(directions).scale(3)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(hilbert, lag_ratio=0.5))\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(1, 4):\n",
" # délka jedné úsečky\n",
" new_segment_length = 1 / (2 ** (i + 1) - 1)\n",
"\n",
" # škálování částí křivky tak, aby byla vycentrovaná\n",
" new_scale = (1 - new_segment_length) / 2\n",
"\n",
" # chceme si uchovat původní křivku, abychom pomocí ní vyrovnávali ostatní\n",
" lu = hilbert.copy()\n",
" lu, hilbert = hilbert, lu\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" lu.animate.scale(new_scale)\n",
" .set_color(DARK_GRAY)\n",
" .align_to(hilbert, directions[1])\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" ru = lu.copy()\n",
" self.play(ru.animate.align_to(hilbert, directions[2]))\n",
"\n",
" ld, rd = lu.copy(), ru.copy()\n",
" self.play(\n",
" ld.animate.align_to(hilbert, directions[0]).rotate(-PI / 2),\n",
" rd.animate.align_to(hilbert, directions[3]).rotate(PI / 2),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" new_hilbert = Path(\n",
" list(ld.flip(LEFT).get_important_points())\n",
" + list(lu.get_important_points())\n",
" + list(ru.get_important_points())\n",
" + list(rd.flip(LEFT).get_important_points())\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(new_hilbert, run_time=2 ** i))\n",
"\n",
" self.remove(lu, ru, ld, rd)\n",
"\n",
" hilbert = new_hilbert"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.1"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "substantial-impact",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Vítej!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "first-armenia",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Tento dokument obsahuje zdrojové kódy animací ke druhé sérii seriálu KSP. Před spouštěním opět nezapomeň Manim importovat spuštěním následujícího řádku!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e03b150c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from manim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "45897e9c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Práce se skupinami objektů"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "wound-foundation",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh VGroupExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class VGroupExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" s1 = Square(color=RED)\n",
" s2 = Square(color=GREEN)\n",
" s3 = Square(color=BLUE)\n",
"\n",
" s1.next_to(s2, LEFT)\n",
" s3.next_to(s2, RIGHT)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(s1), Write(s2), Write(s3))\n",
"\n",
" group = VGroup(s1, s2, s3)\n",
"\n",
" # aplikace škálování na celou skupinu\n",
" self.play(group.animate.scale(1.5).shift(UP))\n",
"\n",
" # na skupině můžeme indexovat\n",
" self.play(group[1].animate.shift(DOWN * 2))\n",
"\n",
" # změna barvy se aplikuje na všechny objekty\n",
" self.play(group.animate.set_color(WHITE))\n",
" self.play(group.animate.set_fill(WHITE, 1))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "659287fa",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh ArrangeExample\n",
"\n",
"from random import seed, uniform\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class ArrangeExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF)\n",
"\n",
" # používáme *, protože VGroup bere samotné objekty (viz minulý příklad)\n",
" circles = VGroup(\n",
" *[\n",
" Circle(radius=0.1)\n",
" .scale(uniform(0.5, 4))\n",
" .shift(UP * uniform(-3, 3) + RIGHT * uniform(-5, 5))\n",
" for _ in range(12)\n",
" ]\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(circles))\n",
"\n",
" # uspořádání vedle sebe\n",
" self.play(circles.animate.arrange())\n",
"\n",
" # různé odsazení a směry\n",
" self.play(circles.animate.arrange(direction=DOWN, buff=0.1))\n",
" self.play(circles.animate.arrange(buff=0.4))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "ff1ab3fd",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh ArrangeInGridExample\n",
"\n",
"from random import seed, uniform\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class ArrangeInGridExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF)\n",
"\n",
" circles = VGroup(\n",
" *[\n",
" Circle(radius=0.1)\n",
" .scale(uniform(0.5, 2))\n",
" .shift(UP * uniform(-3, 3) + RIGHT * uniform(-5, 5))\n",
" for _ in range(9 ** 2)\n",
" ]\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(circles))\n",
"\n",
" # uspořádání do mřížky\n",
" self.play(circles.animate.arrange_in_grid())\n",
"\n",
" # různé odsazení a počet řádků/sloupců\n",
" self.play(circles.animate.arrange_in_grid(rows=5, buff=0))\n",
" self.play(circles.animate.arrange_in_grid(cols=12, buff=0.3))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "fc6ccd7e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Přidávání a odebírání objektů"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "68f328dd",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh AddRemoveExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class AddRemoveExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" square = Square(fill_color=WHITE, fill_opacity=1)\n",
" small_scale = 0.6\n",
"\n",
" triangle = Triangle(fill_opacity=1).scale(small_scale).move_to(square)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(square))\n",
"\n",
" # přidání trojúhelníku pod čtverec\n",
" self.bring_to_back(triangle)\n",
" self.play(square.animate.shift(LEFT * 2))\n",
"\n",
" circle = Circle(fill_opacity=1).scale(small_scale).move_to(square)\n",
"\n",
" # přidání kruhu pod čtverec\n",
" self.bring_to_back(circle)\n",
" self.play(square.animate.shift(RIGHT * 2))\n",
"\n",
" square2 = (\n",
" Square(stroke_color=GREEN, fill_color=GREEN, fill_opacity=1)\n",
" .scale(small_scale)\n",
" .move_to(square)\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" self.remove(triangle)\n",
" \n",
" # stejné jako self.add\n",
" # přidání dopředu tu spíš nechceme, ale je dobré vidět co dělá\n",
" self.bring_to_front(square2)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(square.animate.shift(RIGHT * 2))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "07e6819f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Překrývající-se animace"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "d63a1c09",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh AnimationGroupExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class AnimationGroupExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" c1 = Square(color=RED)\n",
" c2 = Square(color=GREEN)\n",
" c3 = Square(color=BLUE)\n",
"\n",
" VGroup(c1, c2, c3).arrange(buff=1)\n",
"\n",
" # každá další animace se spustí v polovině té předchozí (0.5)\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(Write(c1), Write(c2), Write(c3), lag_ratio=0.5))\n",
"\n",
" # každá další animace se spustí v desetině té předchozí (0.1)\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(FadeOut(c1), FadeOut(c2), FadeOut(c3), lag_ratio=0.1))\n",
"\n",
" # jedna z animací může být rovněž skupina, která může mít sama o sobě zpoždění\n",
" self.play(\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" AnimationGroup(Write(c1), Write(c2), lag_ratio=0.1),\n",
" Write(c3),\n",
" lag_ratio=0.5,\n",
" )\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # lag_ratio může být i záporné (animace se budou spouštět obráceně)\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(FadeOut(c1), FadeOut(c2), FadeOut(c3), lag_ratio=-0.1))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "4412a01b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh VGroupLagRatioExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class VGroupLagRatioExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" squares = VGroup(Square(), Square(), Square()).arrange(buff=0.5).scale(1.5)\n",
" \n",
" # postupné vykreslení čtverců\n",
" self.play(Write(squares))\n",
"\n",
" # FadeOut lag_ratio má nulové, animace se vykonají najednou\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(squares))\n",
"\n",
" squares.set_color(BLUE)\n",
" \n",
" # lag_ratio můžeme manuálně nastavit tak, aby se čtverce vykreslily najednou \n",
" self.play(Write(squares, lag_ratio=0))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(squares, lag_ratio=0.5))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "1fa02f58",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Práce s pozorností"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "a3d83c22",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh AttentionExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class AttentionExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" c1 = Square()\n",
"\n",
" labels = [\n",
" Tex(\"Flash\"),\n",
" Tex(\"Indicate\"),\n",
" Tex(\"Wiggle\"),\n",
" Tex(\"FocusOn\"),\n",
" Tex(\"Circumscribe\"),\n",
" ]\n",
"\n",
" # labely posuneme dolů (pod čtverec)\n",
" for label in labels:\n",
" label.shift(DOWN * 1.5).scale(1.5)\n",
"\n",
" def switch_labels(i: int):\n",
" \"\"\"Animace přeměny jednoho labelu na druhého.\"\"\"\n",
" return AnimationGroup(\n",
" FadeOut(labels[i], shift=UP * 0.7),\n",
" FadeIn(labels[i + 1], shift=UP * 0.7),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(c1))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(labels[0], shift=UP * 0.5), c1.animate.shift(UP))\n",
"\n",
" # Flash\n",
" self.play(Flash(c1, flash_radius=1.6, num_lines=20))\n",
"\n",
" # Indicate\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(switch_labels(0), Indicate(c1), lag_ratio=0.7))\n",
"\n",
" # Wiggle\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(switch_labels(1), Wiggle(c1), lag_ratio=0.7))\n",
"\n",
" # FocusOn\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(switch_labels(2), FocusOn(c1), lag_ratio=0.7))\n",
"\n",
" # Circumscribe\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(switch_labels(3), Circumscribe(c1), lag_ratio=0.7))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "a9d9d8db",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Transformace"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e2510a0d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh BasicTransformExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class BasicTransformExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" c = Circle().scale(2)\n",
" s = Square().scale(2)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(c))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Transform(c, s))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "8561d8a8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh BadTransformExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class BadTransformExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" good = [Circle(color=GREEN), Square(color=GREEN), Triangle(color=GREEN)]\n",
" bad = [Circle(color=RED), Square(color=RED), Triangle(color=RED)]\n",
"\n",
" # uspořádání do mřížky - nahoře dobré, dole špatné\n",
" VGroup(*(good + bad)).arrange_in_grid(rows=2, buff=1)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(good[0]), Write(bad[0]))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" Transform(good[0], good[1]),\n",
" Transform(bad[0], bad[1]),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" Transform(good[0], good[2]),\n",
" Transform(bad[1], bad[2]),\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "0eda62fe",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh TransformMatchingShapesExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class TransformMatchingShapesExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" ksp_matching = Tex(\"KSP\").scale(5)\n",
" ksp_full_matching = Tex(\"Korespondenční Seminář z Programování\")\n",
"\n",
" ksp_regular = ksp_matching.copy().set_color(BLUE)\n",
" ksp_full_regular = ksp_full_matching.copy().set_color(BLUE)\n",
"\n",
" VGroup(ksp_matching, ksp_regular).arrange(direction=DOWN, buff=1)\n",
" ksp_full_matching.move_to(ksp_matching)\n",
" ksp_full_regular.move_to(ksp_regular)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(ksp_matching), Write(ksp_regular))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" TransformMatchingShapes(ksp_matching, ksp_full_matching),\n",
" Transform(ksp_regular, ksp_full_regular),\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "310fdca9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Updatery"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "84c90216",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh SimpleUpdaterExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class SimpleUpdaterExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" square = Square()\n",
" square_label = Tex(\"A neat square.\").next_to(square, UP, buff=0.5)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(square))\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(square_label, shift=UP * 0.5))\n",
"\n",
" def label_updater(obj):\n",
" \"\"\"Updater, který posune objekt nad čtverec.\n",
"\n",
" První parametr (obj) je vždy objekt, na který je updater přidaný.\"\"\"\n",
" obj.next_to(square, UP, buff=0.5)\n",
"\n",
" # popisek čtverce chceme mít fixně nad čtvercem\n",
" square_label.add_updater(label_updater)\n",
"\n",
" # vždy zůstává nad čtvercem\n",
" self.play(square.animate.shift(LEFT * 3))\n",
" self.play(square.animate.scale(1 / 2))\n",
" self.play(square.animate.rotate(PI / 2).shift(RIGHT * 3 + DOWN * 0.5).scale(3))\n",
"\n",
" # odstranění updateru můžeme udělat přes remove_updater\n",
" square_label.remove_updater(label_updater)\n",
" self.play(square.animate.scale(1 / 3))\n",
" self.play(square.animate.rotate(PI / 2))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "f0a57559",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh BecomeUpdaterExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class BecomeUpdaterExample(Scene):\n",
" def format_point(self, point):\n",
" \"\"\"Formátování dané souřadnice na [x, y].\"\"\"\n",
" return f\"[{point[0]:.2f}, {point[1]:.2f}]\"\n",
"\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" circle = Circle(color=WHITE)\n",
"\n",
" def circle_label_updater(obj):\n",
" \"\"\"Updater pro label, který jej posouvá nad bod a nastavuje jeho text.\"\"\"\n",
" obj.become(Tex(f\"p = {self.format_point(circle.get_center())}\"))\n",
" obj.next_to(circle, UP, buff=0.35)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(circle))\n",
"\n",
" circle_label = Tex()\n",
"\n",
" # používáme tu trochu trik k šetření kódu - updater voláme proto,\n",
" # abychom nastavili popisek na základní hodnotu a pozici\n",
" circle_label_updater(circle_label)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(circle_label, shift=UP * 0.3))\n",
"\n",
" circle_label.add_updater(circle_label_updater)\n",
"\n",
" # tato animace se bude pravděpodobně renderovat dlouho, protože\n",
" # updater v každém snímku vytváří Tex objekt, což nějakou dobu trvá\n",
" self.play(circle.animate.shift(RIGHT))\n",
" self.play(circle.animate.shift(LEFT * 3 + UP))\n",
" self.play(circle.animate.shift(DOWN * 2 + RIGHT * 2))\n",
" self.play(circle.animate.shift(UP))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "98daca2b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Kostry úloh"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "8746ae11",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Trojúhelník [3b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "18fb5e35",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Triangle\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Triangle(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e9471651",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh LineExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class LineExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" p1 = Dot()\n",
" p2 = Dot()\n",
" \n",
" points = VGroup(p1, p2).arrange(buff=2.5)\n",
" \n",
" line = Line(start=p1.get_center(), end=p2.get_center())\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(p1), Write(p2))\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(line))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "7bddd3e5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh CircleFromPointsExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class CircleFromPointsExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" p1 = Dot().shift(LEFT + UP)\n",
" p2 = Dot().shift(DOWN * 1.5)\n",
" p3 = Dot().shift(RIGHT + UP)\n",
" \n",
" dots = VGroup(p1, p2, p3)\n",
" \n",
" # vytvoření kruhu ze tří bodů\n",
" circle = Circle.from_three_points(p1.get_center(), p2.get_center(), p3.get_center(), color=WHITE)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(dots), run_time=1.5)\n",
" self.play(Write(circle))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4de93509",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Vlna [6b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "49bb1f67",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Wave\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Wave(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "f48d3810",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh ColorGradientExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class ColorGradientExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" rows = 6\n",
" square_count = rows * 9\n",
"\n",
" colors = [\"#ef476f\", \"#ffd166\", \"#06d6a0\", \"#118ab2\"]\n",
" squares = [\n",
" Square(fill_color=WHITE, fill_opacity=1).scale(0.3)\n",
" for _ in range(square_count)\n",
" ]\n",
"\n",
" group = VGroup(*squares).arrange_in_grid(rows=rows)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(group, lag_ratio=0.04))\n",
"\n",
" all_colors = color_gradient(colors, square_count)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" *[s.animate.set_color(all_colors[i]) for i, s in enumerate(squares)],\n",
" lag_ratio=0.02,\n",
" )\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "159f8abb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Hilbert [6b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "d95d2328",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Hilbert\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Path(VMobject):\n",
" def __init__(self, points, *args, **kwargs):\n",
" super().__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)\n",
" self.set_points_as_corners(points)\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Hilbert(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "1a1bfc52",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh PathExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Path(VMobject):\n",
" def __init__(self, points, *args, **kwargs):\n",
" super().__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)\n",
" self.set_points_as_corners(points)\n",
" \n",
" def get_important_points(self):\n",
" \"\"\"Vrátí důležité body křivky.\"\"\"\n",
" # drobné vysvětlení: Manim k vytváření úseček používá kvadratické Bézierovy křivky\n",
" # - každá taková křivka má čtyři body -- dva krajní a dva řidicí\n",
" # - path.points vrací *všechny* body, což po několika iteracích roste exponenciálně\n",
" # \n",
" # proto používáme funkce get_*_anchors, které vrací pouze krajní body\n",
" # pro více detailů viz https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bézier_curve\n",
" return list(self.get_start_anchors()) + [self.get_end_anchors()[-1]]\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class PathExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" path = Path([LEFT + UP, LEFT + DOWN, RIGHT + UP, RIGHT + DOWN])\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(path))\n",
"\n",
" # opraveno po vydání seriálu, předtím jsme používali path.points]), vysvětlení viz výše\n",
" path_points = VGroup(*[Dot().move_to(point) for point in path.get_important_points()])\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(path_points))\n",
" \n",
" path2 = path.copy()\n",
" path3 = path.copy()\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" path2.animate.next_to(path, LEFT, buff=1),\n",
" path3.animate.next_to(path, RIGHT, buff=1),\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" # pozor, tohle není úplně intuitivní\n",
" # LEFT flipne dolů, jelikož určuje osu, přes kterou se objekt přetočí\n",
" self.play(\n",
" path2.animate.flip(),\n",
" path3.animate.flip(LEFT),\n",
" )"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.1"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

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@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "36cee816",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Řešení 3. série"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "efe16561",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from manim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "36ec08cc",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Grafový algoritmus"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e7a3da39",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh GraphAlgorithm\n",
"\n",
"from random import *\n",
"import networkx as nx\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class GraphAlgorithm(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF)\n",
"\n",
" n = 14\n",
" p = 3 / n\n",
"\n",
" # generujeme, dokud nemáme spojitý graf\n",
" graph = None\n",
" while graph is None or not nx.is_connected(graph):\n",
" graph = nx.generators.random_graphs.gnp_random_graph(n, p)\n",
"\n",
" g = (\n",
" Graph(graph.nodes, graph.edges, layout_config={\"seed\": 0})\n",
" .scale(2.7)\n",
" .rotate(PI / 12)\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" explored = set()\n",
"\n",
" def dfs(v, position_object):\n",
" \"\"\"Rekurzivní DFS, které posouvá position_object.\"\"\"\n",
" neighbours = list(graph.neighbors(v))\n",
"\n",
" for w in neighbours:\n",
" if w in explored:\n",
" continue\n",
"\n",
" # Manim bohužel neorientovaný graf bere jako orientovaný\n",
" edge = (v, w) if (v, w) in g.edges else (w, v)\n",
"\n",
" unexplored_neighbours = [w for w in neighbours if w not in explored]\n",
" unexplored_neighbour_edges = [\n",
" (a, b)\n",
" for a, b in g.edges\n",
" if (a == v and b in unexplored_neighbours)\n",
" or (b == v and a in unexplored_neighbours)\n",
" ]\n",
"\n",
" # pokud existují neprozkoumaní sousedé, obarveme je\n",
" if len(unexplored_neighbours) != 0:\n",
" self.play(\n",
" *[\n",
" g.vertices[q].animate.set_color(ORANGE)\n",
" for q in unexplored_neighbours\n",
" ],\n",
" *[\n",
" g.edges[e].animate.set_color(ORANGE)\n",
" for e in unexplored_neighbour_edges\n",
" ],\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" explored.add(w)\n",
"\n",
" # animace přesunu do sousedního vrcholu\n",
" # má dvě části - nejprve začneme posun a poté změníme barvy (a flashneme)\n",
" \n",
" # používáme tu drobný hack - změna barvy posune hrany dopředu, což vypadá špatně\n",
" # proto na modrou obarvíme i vrchol v, což jej vyzvedne před ně\n",
" # elegantnější řešení je použít z_index, který si objasníme v příštím díle seriálu\n",
" self.play(\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" position_object.animate.move_to(g.vertices[w]),\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" Flash(g.vertices[w], color=BLUE, flash_radius=0.3),\n",
" g.edges[edge].animate.set_color(BLUE),\n",
" g.vertices[v].animate.set_color(BLUE),\n",
" g.vertices[w].animate.set_color(BLUE),\n",
" *[\n",
" g.vertices[q].animate.set_color(WHITE)\n",
" for q in unexplored_neighbours\n",
" if q != w\n",
" ],\n",
" *[\n",
" g.edges[(a, b)].animate.set_color(WHITE)\n",
" for (a, b) in unexplored_neighbour_edges\n",
" if (a, b) != edge\n",
" ],\n",
" ),\n",
" lag_ratio=0.45,\n",
" )\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" dfs(w, position_object)\n",
" self.play(position_object.animate.move_to(g.vertices[v]))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(g))\n",
"\n",
" # vyznačení startovního vrcholu\n",
" start_vertex = 0\n",
"\n",
" # objekt, který se posouvá podle toho, na jakém vrcholu jsme\n",
" position_object = (\n",
" Circle(fill_color=BLUE, fill_opacity=1, stroke_color=BLUE)\n",
" .move_to(g.vertices[start_vertex])\n",
" .scale(0.15)\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" Flash(g.vertices[start_vertex], color=BLUE, flash_radius=0.3),\n",
" g.vertices[start_vertex].animate.set_color(BLUE),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.add(position_object)\n",
"\n",
" # spuštění DFS\n",
" explored.add(start_vertex)\n",
" dfs(start_vertex, position_object)\n",
"\n",
" self.remove(position_object)\n",
" self.play(Unwrite(g))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e6f13b54",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Fibonacciho posloupnost"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "fc2941bf",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh --disable_caching FibonacciSequence\n",
"\n",
"from random import *\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class FibonacciSequence(MovingCameraScene):\n",
" def create_square(self, size):\n",
" \"\"\"Vytvoření čtverce dané velikosti.\"\"\"\n",
" return VGroup(Square(side_length=size), Tex(f\"${size}^2$\").scale(size))\n",
"\n",
" def get_camera_centering_animation(self, squares):\n",
" \"\"\"Animace k vycentrování kamery na čtverce.\"\"\"\n",
" h = squares.height * 1.5\n",
" return self.camera.frame.animate.set_height(h).move_to(squares)\n",
"\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" squares = VGroup(self.create_square(1))\n",
"\n",
" self.camera.frame.move_to(squares).set_height(squares.height * 1.5)\n",
" self.camera.frame.save_state()\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(squares[0]))\n",
"\n",
" n = 7\n",
"\n",
" # vytvoření čtverců a jejich animování\n",
" a = 1\n",
" b = 1\n",
" directions = [RIGHT, UP, LEFT, DOWN]\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" b = b + a\n",
" a = b - a\n",
"\n",
" direction = directions[i % 4]\n",
"\n",
" new_square = self.create_square(a).next_to(squares, direction, buff=0)\n",
" squares.add(new_square)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" FadeIn(new_square, shift=direction * a / 3),\n",
" self.get_camera_centering_animation(squares),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" dot = Dot().move_to(squares[0].get_corner(LEFT + UP)).scale(0.5)\n",
"\n",
" path = TracedPath(dot.get_center)\n",
"\n",
" def update_camera_position(camera):\n",
" \"\"\"Updater k pozicování kamery nad tečkou.\"\"\"\n",
" camera.move_to(dot.get_center())\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(1)\n",
"\n",
" # začátek spirály\n",
" self.play(\n",
" squares.animate.set_color(DARK_GRAY),\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" self.camera.frame.animate.restore().move_to(dot),\n",
" Write(dot),\n",
" lag_ratio=0.5,\n",
" ),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # nesmíme zapomenout TracedPath přidat do scény, aby byla vykreslována\n",
" self.add(path)\n",
" \n",
" self.camera.frame.add_updater(update_camera_position)\n",
"\n",
" center_dot = dot.copy()\n",
" self.add(center_dot)\n",
"\n",
" a = 0\n",
" b = 1\n",
" for i in range(n + 1):\n",
" # pole directions je definováno proti směru hodinových ručiček, proto\n",
" # sousední dvojice odpovídají bodům ve čtvercích, okolo kterých chceme otáčet\n",
" direction = directions[i % 4] + directions[(i + 1) % 4]\n",
" b = b + a\n",
" a = b - a\n",
"\n",
" # při každém čtvrtotočení zoomujeme zhruba o poměr sousedních fibonacciho\n",
" # čísel, což je phi (zlatý řez); číslo zmenšujeme, aby animace vypadala lépe\n",
" phi = (1 + 5 ** (1 / 2)) / 2\n",
" zoom_coefficient = phi * 0.9\n",
" \n",
" self.play(\n",
" Rotate(\n",
" dot,\n",
" about_point=squares[i].get_corner(direction),\n",
" angle=PI / 2,\n",
" ),\n",
" self.camera.frame.animate.scale(zoom_coefficient),\n",
" rate_func=linear,\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # po dotočení již nechceme držet kameru nad bodem, ani dále tracovat cestu\n",
" self.camera.frame.clear_updaters()\n",
" path.clear_updaters()\n",
"\n",
" self.play(self.get_camera_centering_animation(squares))\n",
" \n",
" self.wait(1)\n",
"\n",
" # fadeouty + hezké odspirálení\n",
" self.play(\n",
" FadeOut(squares),\n",
" FadeOut(dot),\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" Unwrite(path, run_time=2),\n",
" AnimationGroup(Flash(center_dot, color=WHITE), FadeOut(center_dot)),\n",
" lag_ratio=0.9,\n",
" ),\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "8188912d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Langtonův mravenec"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "cad4e39c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh LangtonAnt\n",
"\n",
"from random import *\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Ant:\n",
" \"\"\"Třída mravence (pro čistší kód).\"\"\"\n",
"\n",
" deltas = [(-1, 0), (0, -1), (1, 0), (0, 1)]\n",
"\n",
" def __init__(self, position):\n",
" self.position = position\n",
" self.orientation = 0\n",
"\n",
" def __get_orientation_delta(self):\n",
" \"\"\"O kolik má mravenec posunout.\"\"\"\n",
" return self.deltas[self.orientation]\n",
"\n",
" def __rotate_by_delta(self, delta):\n",
" \"\"\"Otočení mravence do libovolného směru o násobek 90 stupňů.\"\"\"\n",
" self.orientation = (self.orientation + delta) % len(self.deltas)\n",
"\n",
" def rotate_left(self):\n",
" \"\"\"Otočení mravence doleva.\"\"\"\n",
" self.__rotate_by_delta(-1)\n",
"\n",
" def rotate_right(self):\n",
" \"\"\"Otočení mravence doprava.\"\"\"\n",
" self.__rotate_by_delta(1)\n",
"\n",
" def move_forward(self):\n",
" \"\"\"Posunutí mravence dopředu.\"\"\"\n",
" dx, dy = self.__get_orientation_delta()\n",
" self.position[0] += dx\n",
" self.position[1] += dy\n",
"\n",
" def update(self, states):\n",
" \"\"\"Posunutí a otočení mravence a upravení stavu.\"\"\"\n",
" x, y = self.position\n",
"\n",
" # znegování pole, na kterém mravenec stojí\n",
" states[y][x] = not states[y][x]\n",
"\n",
" # otočení\n",
" if states[y][x]:\n",
" self.rotate_right()\n",
" else:\n",
" self.rotate_left()\n",
"\n",
" # posunutí\n",
" self.move_forward()\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class LangtonAnt(MovingCameraScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" n = 15\n",
" state = [[False for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n)]\n",
" squares = [[Square() for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n)]\n",
" squares_vgroup = VGroup(*[*sum(squares, [])]).arrange_in_grid(columns=n, buff=0)\n",
"\n",
" ant = Ant([n // 2, n // 2])\n",
" ant_object = (\n",
" SVGMobject(\"ant.svg\")\n",
" .set_height(squares_vgroup[0].height * 0.7)\n",
" .rotate(PI / 2)\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(squares_vgroup), Write(ant_object))\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(1)\n",
"\n",
" step_count = 100\n",
"\n",
" # kolik iterací na začátku a na konci je pomalých\n",
" slow_start_iterations = 5\n",
" slow_end_iterations = 3\n",
"\n",
" # jak rychlé jsou animace\n",
" slow_run_time = 1\n",
" fast_run_time = 0.07\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(step_count):\n",
" x, y = ant.position\n",
"\n",
" new_color = state[y][x]\n",
" rect = squares[y][x]\n",
"\n",
" running_time = (\n",
" fast_run_time\n",
" if slow_start_iterations < i < step_count - slow_end_iterations\n",
" else slow_run_time\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # otáčení mravence\n",
" self.play(\n",
" Rotate(ant_object, PI / 2 * (1 if new_color else -1)),\n",
" run_time=running_time,\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # posunutí mravence\n",
" ant.update(state)\n",
" nx, ny = ant.position\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" rect.animate.set_fill(BLACK if new_color else WHITE, 1),\n",
" ant_object.animate.move_to(squares[ny][nx]),\n",
" self.camera.frame.animate.move_to(squares[ny][nx]),\n",
" run_time=running_time,\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(1)\n",
"\n",
" # zjistíme, které čtverce jsou aktuálně bílé\n",
" white_squares = VGroup()\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(n):\n",
" if state[i][j]:\n",
" white_squares.add(squares[i][j])\n",
"\n",
" # oddálíme a vycentrujeme na tyto čtverce\n",
" self.play(\n",
" self.camera.frame.animate.move_to(white_squares).set_height(\n",
" white_squares.height * 1.2\n",
" )\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(squares_vgroup), FadeOut(ant_object))"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.2"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

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@ -0,0 +1,631 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "substantial-impact",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Vítej!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "first-armenia",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Tento dokument obsahuje zdrojové kódy animací ke třetí sérii seriálu KSP. Před spouštěním opět nezapomeň Manim importovat spuštěním následujícího řádku!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e03b150c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from manim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "45897e9c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## `save` a `restore`"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "6aa5ba0f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh SaveAndRestoreExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class SaveAndRestoreExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" square = Square()\n",
"\n",
" # uložení toho, jak aktualně čtverec vypadá\n",
" square.save_state()\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(square))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(square.animate.set_fill(WHITE, 1))\n",
" self.play(square.animate.scale(1.5).rotate(PI / 4))\n",
" self.play(square.animate.set_color(BLUE))\n",
"\n",
" # navrácení do původního stavu\n",
" self.play(square.animate.restore())\n",
"\n",
" # nová animace!\n",
" self.play(Unwrite(square))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "88f6f285",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Grafy"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "0906f798",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh GraphExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class GraphExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # graf očekává vrcholy a hrany v tomto tvaru\n",
" vertices = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]\n",
" edges = [\n",
" (1, 2),\n",
" (2, 3),\n",
" (3, 4),\n",
" (2, 4),\n",
" (2, 5),\n",
" (6, 5),\n",
" (1, 7),\n",
" (5, 7),\n",
" (2, 8),\n",
" (1, 9),\n",
" (10, 8),\n",
" (5, 11),\n",
" ]\n",
"\n",
" # layout_config používáme k tomu, aby byl algoritmus nastavující pozice vrcholů\n",
" # deterministický (ten defaultní potřebuje seed)\n",
" g = Graph(vertices, edges, layout_config={\"seed\": 0}).scale(1.6)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(g))\n",
"\n",
" # graf obsahuje updatery, aby se hrany posouvaly s vrcholy\n",
" self.play(g.vertices[6].animate.shift((LEFT + DOWN) * 0.5))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(g.animate.shift(LEFT * 3))\n",
"\n",
" # grafy mohou rovněž obsahovat labely a mohou být uspořádány do jiných layoutů\n",
" # (pro ukázku všech viz link na dokumentaci třídy v seriálu)\n",
" h = Graph(vertices, edges, labels=True, layout=\"circular\").shift(RIGHT * 3)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(h))\n",
"\n",
" # pokud chceme větší vrcholy i bez labelů, tak si je musíme obstarat manuálně\n",
" self.play(*[g.vertices[v].animate.scale(2.15) for v in g.vertices])\n",
"\n",
" # obarvíme vrchol 5 a jemu odpovídající hrany (může se hodit v jedné z úloh :)\n",
" v = 5\n",
" self.play(\n",
" Flash(g.vertices[v], color=RED, flash_radius=0.5),\n",
" g.vertices[v].animate.set_color(RED),\n",
" *[g.edges[e].animate.set_color(RED) for e in g.edges if v in e],\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "98df83d3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh GraphGenerationExample\n",
"\n",
"from random import *\n",
"import networkx as nx\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class GraphGenerationExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF)\n",
"\n",
" n = 12 # počet vrcholů\n",
" p = 3 / n # pravděpodobnost, že mezi dvěma vrcholy je hrana\n",
"\n",
" # generujeme, dokud nemáme spojitý graf\n",
" graph = None\n",
" while graph is None or not nx.is_connected(graph):\n",
" graph = nx.generators.random_graphs.gnp_random_graph(n, p)\n",
"\n",
" g = (\n",
" Graph(graph.nodes, graph.edges, layout_config={\"seed\": 0})\n",
" .scale(2.2)\n",
" .rotate(-PI / 2)\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(g))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "bb5423f4",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Kamera"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "ab85ca2d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh MovingCameraExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class MovingCameraExample(MovingCameraScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" square = Square()\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(square))\n",
"\n",
" # uložíme si stav kamery, protože s ní následně budeme pracovat\n",
" self.camera.frame.save_state()\n",
"\n",
" # zoomneme tak, aby čtverec zaplňoval celý obraz (+ drobná mezera)\n",
" self.play(self.camera.frame.animate.set_height(square.height * 1.5))\n",
"\n",
" circle = Circle().next_to(square, LEFT)\n",
"\n",
" # posunutí kamery k novému objektu (kruhu)\n",
" self.play(\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" self.camera.frame.animate.move_to(circle),\n",
" Write(circle),\n",
" lag_ratio=0.5,\n",
" )\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(0.5)\n",
"\n",
" # trošku odzoomujeme (zvětšení bude zabírat více scény)\n",
" self.play(self.camera.frame.animate.scale(1.3))\n",
"\n",
" triangle = Triangle().next_to(square, RIGHT)\n",
"\n",
" # posunutí kamery k novému objektu (trojúhelníku)\n",
" self.play(\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" self.camera.frame.animate.move_to(triangle),\n",
" Write(triangle),\n",
" lag_ratio=0.5,\n",
" )\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(0.5)\n",
"\n",
" # navrácení kamery do původního stavu\n",
" self.play(self.camera.frame.animate.restore())"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "02c31d55",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh MovingCameraUpdaterExample\n",
"\n",
"from random import seed, uniform\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class MovingCameraUpdaterExample(MovingCameraScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF)\n",
"\n",
" n = 11 ** 2\n",
"\n",
" circles = VGroup(\n",
" *[\n",
" Circle(radius=0.1)\n",
" .scale(uniform(0.5, 2))\n",
" .shift(UP * uniform(-3, 3) + RIGHT * uniform(-5, 5))\n",
" .set_color(WHITE)\n",
" for _ in range(n)\n",
" ]\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # kamerou budeme pozorovat kruh, který je v půlce\n",
" target = circles[n // 2]\n",
"\n",
" def update_curve(camera):\n",
" \"\"\"Updater, který udržuje kameru nad cílem.\"\"\"\n",
" camera.move_to(target.get_center())\n",
"\n",
" self.camera.frame.add_updater(update_curve)\n",
"\n",
" # POZOR!\n",
" # updatery fungují pouze na věci přidané na scénu\n",
" # self.camera.frame na scéně nejprve není, je ho potřeba přidat\n",
" self.add(self.camera.frame)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(circles))\n",
"\n",
" # animace pozicování kružnic a postupné Zoomování\n",
" scale_factor = 0.7\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" circles.animate.arrange_in_grid().set_color(RED),\n",
" self.camera.frame.animate.scale(scale_factor),\n",
" run_time=1.5,\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" circles.animate.arrange_in_grid(rows=5).set_color(GREEN),\n",
" self.camera.frame.animate.scale(scale_factor),\n",
" run_time=1.5,\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" circles.animate.arrange_in_grid(cols=14).set_color(BLUE),\n",
" self.camera.frame.animate.scale(scale_factor),\n",
" run_time=1.5,\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "6cea874e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh BackgroundColorExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class BackgroundColorExample(MovingCameraScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" self.camera.background_color = WHITE\n",
" self.camera.frame.scale(0.6)\n",
"\n",
" square = Square(color=BLACK)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(square))\n",
"\n",
" circle = Circle(color=BLACK).next_to(square, LEFT)\n",
" triangle = Triangle(color=BLACK).next_to(square, RIGHT)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(triangle, shift=RIGHT * 0.2), FadeIn(circle, shift=LEFT * 0.2))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "36661d3b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Rate funkce"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "6ad791dc",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh RateFunctionsExample\n",
"\n",
"# Kód pochází z Manimové dokumentace (modulo drobné úpravy)\n",
"# https://docs.manim.community/en/stable/reference/manim.utils.rate_functions.html\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class RateFunctionsExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" line1 = Line(3 * LEFT, RIGHT).set_color(RED)\n",
" line2 = Line(3 * LEFT, RIGHT).set_color(GREEN)\n",
" line3 = Line(3 * LEFT, RIGHT).set_color(BLUE)\n",
" line4 = Line(3 * LEFT, RIGHT).set_color(ORANGE)\n",
"\n",
" lines = VGroup(line1, line2, line3, line4).arrange(DOWN, buff=0.8).move_to(LEFT * 2)\n",
"\n",
" dot1 = Dot().move_to(line1.get_start())\n",
" dot2 = Dot().move_to(line2.get_start())\n",
" dot3 = Dot().move_to(line3.get_start())\n",
" dot4 = Dot().move_to(line4.get_start())\n",
"\n",
" dots = VGroup(dot1, dot2, dot3, dot4)\n",
"\n",
" # pozor na podtržítka při psaní TeXu\n",
" label1 = Tex(\"smooth (default)\").next_to(line1, RIGHT, buff=0.5)\n",
" label2 = Tex(\"linear\").next_to(line2, RIGHT, buff=0.5)\n",
" label3 = Tex(\"there\\_and\\_back\").next_to(line3, RIGHT, buff=0.5)\n",
" label4 = Tex(\"rush\\_into\").next_to(line4, RIGHT, buff=0.5)\n",
"\n",
" labels = VGroup(label1, label2, label3, label4)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(lines), FadeIn(dots), FadeIn(labels))\n",
"\n",
" # použití s animate syntaxem\n",
" self.play(\n",
" dot1.animate(rate_func=smooth).shift(RIGHT * 4),\n",
" dot2.animate(rate_func=linear).shift(RIGHT * 4),\n",
" dot3.animate(rate_func=there_and_back).shift(RIGHT * 4),\n",
" dot4.animate(rate_func=rush_into).shift(RIGHT * 4),\n",
" run_time=3,\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" self.play(FadeOut(lines), FadeOut(dots))\n",
" \n",
" # použití s normálními animacemi\n",
" self.play(\n",
" Write(line1, rate_func=smooth),\n",
" Write(line2, rate_func=linear),\n",
" Write(line3, rate_func=there_and_back),\n",
" Write(line4, rate_func=rush_into),\n",
" run_time=3,\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "26af99f1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh RateFunctionList\n",
"\n",
"# Kód pochází z Manimové dokumentace (modulo drobné úpravy)\n",
"# https://docs.manim.community/en/stable/reference/manim.utils.rate_functions.html\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class RateFunctionList(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" graphs = VGroup()\n",
" for k, v in rate_functions.__dict__.items():\n",
" if \"function\" in str(v):\n",
" try:\n",
" rate_func = v\n",
" plot = (\n",
" ParametricFunction(\n",
" lambda x: [x, rate_func(x), 0],\n",
" t_range=[0, 1, .01],\n",
" use_smoothing=False,\n",
" color=YELLOW,\n",
" )\n",
" .stretch_to_fit_width(1.5)\n",
" .stretch_to_fit_height(1)\n",
" )\n",
" plot_bg = SurroundingRectangle(plot).set_color(WHITE)\n",
" plot_title = (\n",
" Text(rate_func.__name__, weight=BOLD)\n",
" .scale(0.5)\n",
" .next_to(plot_bg, UP, buff=0.1)\n",
" )\n",
" graphs.add(VGroup(plot_bg, plot, plot_title))\n",
" except: # některé křivky jsou parametrické (a některé rozbité)\n",
" pass\n",
" graphs.arrange_in_grid(cols=8)\n",
" graphs.height = config.frame_height\n",
" graphs.width = config.frame_width\n",
" graphs.move_to(ORIGIN).scale(0.9)\n",
" \n",
" text = Tex(f\"Manim rate functions (v0.13.1)\").scale(1.4).next_to(graphs, UP, buff=0.5)\n",
" \n",
" self.add(VGroup(graphs, text).move_to(ORIGIN))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "fd7a5d4c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Krokování"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "f46b6587",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh --save_sections NextSectionExample\n",
"\n",
"class NextSectionExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" shapes = VGroup(Circle(), Square(), Triangle()).arrange()\n",
" \n",
" # jméno sekce je nepovinné a nemusí být unikátní\n",
" # skip_animations animování sekce přeskočí\n",
" self.next_section(\"vykreslení kruhu\", skip_animations=True)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(shapes[0]))\n",
" \n",
" self.next_section(\"vykreslení čtverce\")\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(shapes[1]))\n",
" \n",
" self.next_section(\"vykreslení trojúhelníku\")\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(shapes[2]))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "98daca2b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Kostry úloh"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "8746ae11",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Grafový algoritmus [5b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "18fb5e35",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh GraphAlgorithm\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class GraphAlgorithm(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4de93509",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Fibonacciho posloupnost [5b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "49bb1f67",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh --disable_caching FibonacciSequence\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class FibonacciSequence(MovingCameraScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "1d647e5f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh --disable_caching TracePathExample\n",
"\n",
" \n",
"class TracePathExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" dot = Dot().shift(LEFT)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(dot))\n",
" \n",
" # objekt TracedPath přijímá funkci, které se opakovaně ptá na pozici objektu, který sleduje\n",
" # proto používáme dot.get_center, která vrací aktuální pozici tečky kterou tracujeme\n",
" path = TracedPath(dot.get_center)\n",
" \n",
" # nesmíme zapomenout cestu přidat do scény, aby byla vykreslována!\n",
" self.add(path)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Rotate(dot, about_point=ORIGIN))\n",
" \n",
" self.play(dot.animate.shift(UP))\n",
" self.play(dot.animate.shift(LEFT * 2))\n",
" self.play(dot.animate.shift(DOWN))\n",
" \n",
" # pro zkončení tracování můžeme použít clear_updaters\n",
" path.clear_updaters()\n",
" \n",
" self.play(dot.animate.shift(RIGHT * 2))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "159f8abb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Langtonův mravenec [5b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "d95d2328",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh LangtonAnt\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class LangtonAnt(MovingCameraScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "386b5d61",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh SVGExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class SVGExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" image = SVGMobject(\"ant.svg\")\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(image))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(image.animate.set_color(RED).scale(1.75))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Rotate(image, TAU)) # tau = 2 pi\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(image))"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.1"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

446
serial4-reseni.ipynb
View File

@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "36cee816",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Řešení 3. série"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "efe16561",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from manim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "36ec08cc",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Simulace binomického rozložení "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e7a3da39",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh --disable_caching BinomialDistributionSimulation\n",
"\n",
"from random import choice, seed\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class MoveAndFade(Animation):\n",
" def __init__(self, mobject: Mobject, path: VMobject, **kwargs):\n",
" self.path = path\n",
" self.original = mobject.copy()\n",
" super().__init__(mobject, **kwargs)\n",
"\n",
" def interpolate_mobject(self, alpha: float) -> None:\n",
" point = self.path.point_from_proportion(self.rate_func(alpha))\n",
"\n",
" # tohle není úplně čisté, jelikož pokaždé vytváříme nový objekt\n",
" # je to kvůli tomu, že obj.fade() nenastavuje průhlednost ale přidává jí\n",
" self.mobject.become(self.original.copy()).move_to(point).fade(alpha)\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class BinomialDistributionSimulation(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF2) # hezčí vstupy :)\n",
"\n",
" radius = 0.13\n",
" x_spacing = radius * 1.5\n",
" y_spacing = 4 * radius\n",
"\n",
" n = 9\n",
" pyramid = VGroup()\n",
" pyramid_values = []\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(1, n + 1):\n",
" row = VGroup()\n",
"\n",
" for j in range(i):\n",
" obj = Dot()\n",
"\n",
" # if it's the last row, make the rows numbers instead\n",
" if i == n:\n",
" obj = Tex(\"0\")\n",
" pyramid_values.append(0)\n",
"\n",
" row.add(obj)\n",
"\n",
" row.arrange(buff=2 * x_spacing)\n",
"\n",
" if len(pyramid) != 0:\n",
" row.move_to(pyramid[-1]).shift(DOWN * y_spacing)\n",
"\n",
" pyramid.add(row)\n",
"\n",
" pyramid.move_to(RIGHT * 3.4)\n",
"\n",
" x_values = np.arange(-n // 2 + 1, n // 2 + 1, 1)\n",
"\n",
" def create_graph(x_values, y_values):\n",
" y_values_all = list(range(0, (max(y_values) or 1) + 1))\n",
"\n",
" axes = (\n",
" Axes(\n",
" x_range=[-n // 2 + 1, n // 2, 1],\n",
" y_range=[0, max(y_values) or 1, 1],\n",
" x_axis_config={\"numbers_to_include\": x_values},\n",
" tips=False,\n",
" )\n",
" .scale(0.45)\n",
" .shift(LEFT * 3.0)\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" graph = axes.plot_line_graph(x_values=x_values, y_values=y_values)\n",
"\n",
" return graph, axes\n",
"\n",
" graph, axes = create_graph(x_values, pyramid_values)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(axes), Write(pyramid), Write(graph), run_time=1.5)\n",
"\n",
" for iteration in range(120):\n",
" circle = (\n",
" Circle(fill_opacity=1, stroke_opacity=0)\n",
" .scale(radius)\n",
" .next_to(pyramid[0][0], UP, buff=0)\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" run_time = (\n",
" 0.5\n",
" if iteration == 0\n",
" else 0.1\n",
" if iteration == 1\n",
" else 0.02\n",
" if iteration < 20\n",
" else 0.003\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(circle, shift=DOWN * 0.5), run_time=run_time * 2)\n",
"\n",
" x = 0\n",
" for i in range(1, n):\n",
" next_position = choice([0, 1])\n",
" x += next_position\n",
"\n",
" dir = LEFT if next_position == 0 else RIGHT\n",
"\n",
" circle_center = circle.get_center()\n",
"\n",
" # if it's not the last row, make the animation regular\n",
" if i != n - 1:\n",
" b = CubicBezier(\n",
" circle_center,\n",
" circle_center + dir * x_spacing,\n",
" circle_center + dir * x_spacing + DOWN * y_spacing / 2,\n",
" circle.copy().next_to(pyramid[i][x], UP, buff=0).get_center(),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" MoveAlongPath(circle, b, rate_func=rate_functions.ease_in_quad),\n",
" run_time=run_time,\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # if it is, fade the circle and increment the number\n",
" else:\n",
" b = CubicBezier(\n",
" circle_center,\n",
" circle_center + dir * x_spacing,\n",
" circle_center + dir * x_spacing + DOWN * y_spacing / 2,\n",
" pyramid[i][x].get_center(),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" pyramid_values[x] += 1\n",
"\n",
" n_graph, n_axes = create_graph(x_values, pyramid_values)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" MoveAndFade(\n",
" circle, b, rate_func=rate_functions.ease_in_quad\n",
" ),\n",
" run_time=run_time,\n",
" ),\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" pyramid[i][x]\n",
" .animate(run_time=run_time)\n",
" .become(\n",
" Tex(str(pyramid_values[x])).move_to(pyramid[i][x])\n",
" ),\n",
" graph.animate.become(n_graph),\n",
" axes.animate.become(n_axes),\n",
" run_time=run_time,\n",
" ),\n",
" lag_ratio=0.3,\n",
" )\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(axes), FadeOut(pyramid), FadeOut(graph), run_time=1)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e6f13b54",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 3D Game of Life"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "fc2941bf",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from manim import *\n",
"from random import random, seed\n",
"from enum import Enum\n",
"\n",
"# https://softologyblog.wordpress.com/2019/12/28/3d-cellular-automata-3/\n",
"\n",
"class Grid:\n",
" class ColorType(Enum):\n",
" FROM_COORDINATES = 0\n",
" FROM_PALETTE = 1\n",
"\n",
" def __init__(self, scene, grid_size, survives_when, revives_when, state_count=2, size=1, palette=[\"#000b5e\", \"#001eff\"], color_type=ColorType.FROM_PALETTE):\n",
" self.grid = {}\n",
" self.scene = scene\n",
" self.grid_size = grid_size\n",
" self.size = size\n",
" self.survives_when = survives_when\n",
" self.revives_when = revives_when\n",
" self.state_count = state_count\n",
" self.palette = palette\n",
" self.color_type = color_type\n",
"\n",
" self.bounding_box = Cube(side_length = self.size, color=GRAY, fill_opacity=0.05)\n",
" self.scene.add(self.bounding_box)\n",
"\n",
" def fadeOut(self):\n",
" self.scene.play(\n",
" FadeOut(self.bounding_box),\n",
" *[FadeOut(self.grid[index][0]) for index in self.grid],\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" def __index_to_position(self, index):\n",
" \"\"\"Convert the index of a cell to its position in 3D.\"\"\"\n",
" dirs = [RIGHT, UP, OUT]\n",
"\n",
" # pozor!\n",
" # nemůžeme k originu jen tak přičítat, jelikož to nevytváří nové objekty\n",
" # tím pádem bychom pořád měnili ten samý objekt, což nechceme -- proto list()\n",
" result = list(ORIGIN)\n",
" for dir, value in zip(dirs, index):\n",
" result += ((value - (self.grid_size- 1) / 2) /\n",
" self.grid_size) * dir * self.size\n",
"\n",
" return result\n",
"\n",
" def __get_new_cell(self, index):\n",
" \"\"\"Create a new cell\"\"\"\n",
" cell = (Cube(side_length=1/self.grid_size * self.size, color=BLUE, fill_opacity=1).move_to(\n",
" self.__index_to_position(index)\n",
" ), self.state_count - 1)\n",
"\n",
" self.__update_cell_color(index, *cell)\n",
"\n",
" return cell\n",
"\n",
" def __return_neighbouring_cell_coordinates(self, index):\n",
" \"\"\"Return the coordinates of the neighbourhood of a given index.\"\"\"\n",
" neighbourhood = set()\n",
" for dx in range(-1, 1 + 1):\n",
" for dy in range(-1, 1 + 1):\n",
" for dz in range(-1, 1 + 1):\n",
" if dx == 0 and dy == 0 and dz == 0:\n",
" continue\n",
"\n",
" nx = index[0] + dx\n",
" ny = index[1] + dy\n",
" nz = index[2] + dz\n",
"\n",
" if nx < 0 or nx >= self.grid_size or ny < 0 or ny >= self.grid_size or nz < 0 or nz >= self.grid_size:\n",
" continue\n",
"\n",
" neighbourhood.add((nx, ny, nz))\n",
"\n",
" return neighbourhood\n",
"\n",
" def __count_neighbours(self, index):\n",
" \"\"\"Return the number of neighbouring cells for a given index (excluding itself).\"\"\"\n",
" total = 0\n",
" for neighbour_index in self.__return_neighbouring_cell_coordinates(index):\n",
" if neighbour_index in self.grid:\n",
" total += 1\n",
"\n",
" return total\n",
"\n",
" def __return_possible_cell_change_indexes(self):\n",
" \"\"\"Return the indexes of all possible cells that could change.\"\"\"\n",
" changes = set()\n",
" for index in self.grid:\n",
" changes |= self.__return_neighbouring_cell_coordinates(index).union({\n",
" index})\n",
" return changes\n",
"\n",
" def toggle(self, index):\n",
" \"\"\"Toggle a given cell.\"\"\"\n",
" if index in self.grid:\n",
" self.scene.remove(self.grid[index][0])\n",
" del self.grid[index]\n",
" else:\n",
" self.grid[index] = self.__get_new_cell(index)\n",
" self.scene.add(self.grid[index][0])\n",
"\n",
" def __update_cell_color(self, index, cell, age):\n",
" if self.color_type == self.ColorType.FROM_PALETTE:\n",
" state_colors = color_gradient(self.palette, self.state_count - 1)\n",
"\n",
" cell.set_color(state_colors[age - 1])\n",
" else:\n",
" def coordToHex(n):\n",
" return hex(int(n * (256 / self.grid_size)))[2:].ljust(2, \"0\")\n",
"\n",
" cell.set_color(f\"#{coordToHex(index[0])}{coordToHex(index[1])}{coordToHex(index[2])}\")\n",
"\n",
" def do_iteration(self):\n",
" new_grid = {}\n",
" something_changed = False\n",
"\n",
" for index in self.__return_possible_cell_change_indexes():\n",
" neighbours = self.__count_neighbours(index)\n",
"\n",
" # alive rules\n",
" if index in self.grid:\n",
" cell, age = self.grid[index]\n",
"\n",
" # always decrease age\n",
" if age != 1:\n",
" age -= 1\n",
" something_changed = True\n",
"\n",
" # survive if within range or age isn't 1\n",
" if neighbours in self.survives_when or age != 1:\n",
" self.__update_cell_color(index, cell, age)\n",
" new_grid[index] = (cell, age)\n",
" else:\n",
" self.scene.remove(self.grid[index][0])\n",
" something_changed = True\n",
"\n",
" # dead rules\n",
" else:\n",
" # revive if within range\n",
" if neighbours in self.revives_when:\n",
" new_grid[index] = self.__get_new_cell(index)\n",
" self.scene.add(new_grid[index][0])\n",
" something_changed = True\n",
"\n",
" self.grid = new_grid\n",
"\n",
" return something_changed\n",
"\n",
"class GOLFirst(ThreeDScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF)\n",
"\n",
" self.set_camera_orientation(phi=75 * DEGREES, theta=30 * DEGREES)\n",
" self.begin_ambient_camera_rotation(rate=-0.20)\n",
"\n",
" grid_size = 16\n",
" size=3.5\n",
" grid = Grid(self, grid_size, [4, 5], [5], state_count=2, size=size, color_type=Grid.ColorType.FROM_COORDINATES)\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(grid_size):\n",
" for j in range(grid_size):\n",
" for k in range(grid_size):\n",
" if random() < 0.2:\n",
" grid.toggle((i, j, k))\n",
"\n",
" grid.fadeIn()\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(1)\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(50):\n",
" something_changed = grid.do_iteration()\n",
"\n",
" if not something_changed:\n",
" break\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(0.2)\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(2)\n",
"\n",
" grid.fadeOut()\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class GOL(ThreeDScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF)\n",
"\n",
" self.set_camera_orientation(phi=75 * DEGREES, theta=30 * DEGREES)\n",
" self.begin_ambient_camera_rotation(rate=0.15)\n",
"\n",
" grid_size = 16\n",
" size=3.5\n",
"\n",
" # decay grid = Grid(self, grid_size, [1, 4, 8, 11] + list(range(13, 26 + 1)), list(range(13, 26 + 1)), state_count=5, size=size, color_type=Grid.ColorType.FROM_PALETTE)\n",
" grid = Grid(self, grid_size, [2, 6, 9], [4, 6, 8, 9], state_count=10, size=size, color_type=Grid.ColorType.FROM_PALETTE)\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(grid_size):\n",
" for j in range(grid_size):\n",
" for k in range(grid_size):\n",
" if random() < 0.3:\n",
" grid.toggle((i, j, k))\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(2)\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(70):\n",
" something_changed = grid.do_iteration()\n",
"\n",
" if not something_changed:\n",
" break\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(0.1)\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(2)\n",
"\n",
" grid.fadeOut()\n"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.2"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

675
serial4.ipynb
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@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "substantial-impact",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Vítej!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "first-armenia",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Tento dokument obsahuje zdrojové kódy animací ke čtvrté sérii seriálu KSP. Před spouštěním opět nezapomeň Manim importovat spuštěním následujícího řádku!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e03b150c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from manim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "45897e9c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Booleovské operace"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "6aa5ba0f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh BooleanOperations\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class BooleanOperations(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
"\n",
" circle = Circle(fill_opacity=0.75, color=RED).scale(2).shift(LEFT * 1.5)\n",
" square = Square(fill_opacity=0.75, color=GREEN).scale(2).shift(RIGHT * 1.5)\n",
"\n",
" group = VGroup(circle, square)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(group))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(group.animate.scale(0.5).shift(UP * 1.6))\n",
"\n",
" union = Union(circle, square, fill_opacity=1, color=BLUE)\n",
"\n",
" # postupně voláme Union(), Intersection() a Difference()\n",
" for operation, position, name in zip(\n",
" [Intersection, Union, Difference],\n",
" [LEFT * 3.3, ORIGIN, RIGHT * 4.5],\n",
" [\"Průnik\", \"Sjednocení\", \"Rozdíl\"],\n",
" ):\n",
" result = operation(circle, square, fill_opacity=1, color=DARK_BLUE)\n",
" result_position = DOWN * 1.3 + position\n",
" \n",
" label = Tex(name).move_to(result_position).scale(0.8)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(\n",
" AnimationGroup(\n",
" FadeIn(result),\n",
" result.animate.move_to(result_position),\n",
" FadeIn(label),\n",
" lag_ratio=0.5,\n",
" )\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "3da40017",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Vlastní objekty"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "cf1fb3b5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh StackExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Stack(VMobject):\n",
" def __init__(self, size, *args, **kwargs):\n",
" # inicializace VGroup objektu\n",
" super().__init__(**kwargs)\n",
"\n",
" self.squares = VGroup()\n",
" self.labels = VGroup()\n",
" self.index = 0\n",
" self.pointer = Arrow(ORIGIN, UP * 1.2)\n",
"\n",
" for _ in range(size):\n",
" self.squares.add(Square(side_length=0.8))\n",
"\n",
" self.squares.arrange(buff=0.15)\n",
"\n",
" self.pointer.next_to(self.squares[0], DOWN)\n",
" self.add()\n",
"\n",
" # DŮLEŽITÉ - přidáme do objektu všechny podobjekty!\n",
" self.add(self.squares, self.labels, self.pointer)\n",
"\n",
" def __get_index_rectangle_color(self):\n",
" \"\"\"Vrátí barvu aktuálního obdelníků stacku.\"\"\"\n",
" return self.squares[self.index].get_color()\n",
"\n",
" def __create_label(self, element):\n",
" \"\"\"Vytvoření labelu daného prvku (podle barvy a rozměrů čtverců stacku).\"\"\"\n",
" return (\n",
" Tex(str(element))\n",
" .scale(self.squares[0].height)\n",
" .set_color(self.__get_index_rectangle_color())\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" def push(self, element):\n",
" \"\"\"Přidá prvek do zásobníku. Vrátí odpovídající animace.\"\"\"\n",
" self.labels.add(self.__create_label(element).move_to(self.squares[self.index]))\n",
" self.index += 1\n",
"\n",
" return AnimationGroup(\n",
" FadeIn(self.labels[-1]),\n",
" self.pointer.animate.next_to(self.squares[self.index], DOWN),\n",
" Indicate(\n",
" self.squares[self.index - 1], color=self.__get_index_rectangle_color()\n",
" ),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" def pop(self):\n",
" \"\"\"Odebere prvek ze zásobníku. Vrátí odpovídající animace.\"\"\"\n",
" label = self.labels[-1]\n",
" self.labels.remove(label)\n",
" self.index -= 1\n",
"\n",
" return AnimationGroup(\n",
" FadeOut(label),\n",
" self.pointer.animate.next_to(self.squares[self.index], DOWN),\n",
" Indicate(\n",
" self.squares[self.index],\n",
" color=self.__get_index_rectangle_color(),\n",
" scale_factor=1 / 1.2,\n",
" ),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" def clear(self):\n",
" \"\"\"Vyčistí zásobník. Vrátí odpovídající animaci.\"\"\"\n",
" result = AnimationGroup(*[self.pop() for _ in range(self.index)], lag_ratio=0)\n",
"\n",
" self.index = 0\n",
"\n",
" return result\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class StackExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" stack = Stack(10)\n",
"\n",
" # na objekt fungují správně libovolné animace\n",
" self.play(Write(stack))\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(0.5)\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(5):\n",
" self.play(stack.push(i))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(stack.pop())\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(0.5)\n",
"\n",
" # můžeme používat i animate syntax!\n",
" # měnění barvy se rekurzivně aplikuje na všechny podobjekty\n",
" self.play(stack.animate.scale(1.3).set_color(BLUE))\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(0.5)\n",
"\n",
" for i in range(2):\n",
" self.play(stack.push(i))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(stack.pop())\n",
"\n",
" self.play(stack.clear())\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(stack))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "88f6f285",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Jiné grafy"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "0906f798",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh GraphExample\n",
"\n",
"from math import sin\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class GraphExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # osy - rozmezí a značení os x, y\n",
" axes = Axes(x_range=[-5, 5], y_range=[-3, 7])\n",
" labels = axes.get_axis_labels(x_label=\"x\", y_label=\"y\")\n",
"\n",
" def f1(x):\n",
" return x ** 2\n",
"\n",
" def f2(x):\n",
" return sin(x)\n",
"\n",
" # objekty vykreslených funkcí\n",
" g1 = axes.plot(f1, color=RED)\n",
" g2 = axes.plot(f2, color=BLUE)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(axes), Write(labels))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(Write(g1), Write(g2), lag_ratio=0.5))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Unwrite(axes), Unwrite(labels), Unwrite(g1), Unwrite(g2))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "84978263",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh DiscontinuousGraphExample\n",
"\n",
"from math import sin\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class DiscontinuousGraphExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" axes = Axes(x_range=[-5, 5], y_range=[-3, 7])\n",
" labels = axes.get_axis_labels(x_label=\"x\", y_label=\"y\")\n",
"\n",
" def f(x):\n",
" return 1 / x\n",
"\n",
" g_bad = axes.plot(f, color=RED)\n",
"\n",
" # rozdělení na dvě části podle hodnot x\n",
" g_left = axes.plot(f, x_range=[-5, -0.1], color=GREEN)\n",
" g_right = axes.plot(f, x_range=[0.1, 5], color=GREEN)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(axes), Write(labels))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(g_bad))\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(g_bad))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(Write(g_left), Write(g_right), lag_ratio=0.5))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Unwrite(axes), Unwrite(labels), Unwrite(g_left), Unwrite(g_right))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "521d3286",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh ParametricGraphExample\n",
"\n",
"from math import sin, cos\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class ParametricGraphExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" axes = Axes(x_range=[-10, 10], y_range=[-5, 5])\n",
" labels = axes.get_axis_labels(x_label=\"x\", y_label=\"y\")\n",
"\n",
" def f1(t):\n",
" \"\"\"Parametrická funkce kružnice.\"\"\"\n",
" return (cos(t) * 3 - 4.5, sin(t) * 3)\n",
"\n",
" def f2(t):\n",
" \"\"\"Parametrická funkce <3.\"\"\"\n",
" return (\n",
" 0.2 * (16 * (sin(t)) ** 3) + 4.5,\n",
" 0.2 * (13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t)),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" # objekty vykreslených funkcí\n",
" # místo axes.plot používáme axes.plot_parametric_curve\n",
" # parametr t_range určuje, jaké je rozmezí parametru t\n",
" g1 = axes.plot_parametric_curve(f1, color=RED, t_range=[0, 2 * PI])\n",
" g2 = axes.plot_parametric_curve(f2, color=BLUE, t_range=[-PI, PI])\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(axes), Write(labels))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(AnimationGroup(Write(g1), Write(g2), lag_ratio=0.5))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Unwrite(axes), Unwrite(labels), Unwrite(g1), Unwrite(g2))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "c0e61a1b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh LineGraphExample\n",
"\n",
"from random import random, seed\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class LineGraphExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" seed(0xDEADBEEF2) # hezčí hodnoty :P\n",
"\n",
" # hodnoty ke grafování (x a y)\n",
" # u np.arange(l, r, step) vrátí pole hodnot od l do r (nevčetně) s kroky velikosti step\n",
" x_values = np.arange(-1, 1 + 0.25, 0.25)\n",
" y_values = [random() for _ in x_values]\n",
"\n",
" # osy (tentokrát s čísly)\n",
" axes = Axes(\n",
" x_range=[-1, 1, 0.25],\n",
" y_range=[-0.1, 1, 0.25],\n",
" # nastavení čísel - hodnoty a počet desetinných míst\n",
" x_axis_config={\"numbers_to_include\": x_values},\n",
" y_axis_config={\"numbers_to_include\": np.arange(0, 1, 0.25)},\n",
" axis_config={\"decimal_number_config\": {\"num_decimal_places\": 2}},\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" labels = axes.get_axis_labels(x_label=\"x\", y_label=\"y\")\n",
"\n",
" # místo axes.plot používáme axes.plot_line_graph\n",
" graph = axes.plot_line_graph(x_values=x_values, y_values=y_values)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(axes), Write(labels))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(graph), run_time=2)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Unwrite(axes), Unwrite(labels), Unwrite(graph))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "bb5423f4",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 3D operace"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "ab85ca2d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Axes3DExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Axes3DExample(ThreeDScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # 3D osy\n",
" axes = ThreeDAxes()\n",
"\n",
" x_label = axes.get_x_axis_label(Tex(\"x\"))\n",
" y_label = axes.get_y_axis_label(Tex(\"y\")).shift(UP * 1.8)\n",
"\n",
" # 3D varianta Dot() objektu\n",
" dot = Dot3D()\n",
"\n",
" # zmenšení zoomu, abychom viděli osy\n",
" self.set_camera_orientation(zoom=0.5)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(axes), FadeIn(dot), FadeIn(x_label), FadeIn(y_label))\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(0.5)\n",
"\n",
" # animace posunutí kamery tak, aby byly osy dobře vidět\n",
" self.move_camera(phi=75 * DEGREES, theta=30 * DEGREES, zoom=1, run_time=1.5)\n",
"\n",
" # vestavěný updater, který kameru začne rotovat (aby na scénu bylo lépe vidět)\n",
" self.begin_ambient_camera_rotation(rate=0.15)\n",
"\n",
" # jedna tečka za každý směr\n",
" upDot = dot.copy().set_color(RED)\n",
" rightDot = dot.copy().set_color(BLUE)\n",
" outDot = dot.copy().set_color(GREEN)\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(1)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" upDot.animate.shift(UP),\n",
" rightDot.animate.shift(RIGHT),\n",
" outDot.animate.shift(OUT),\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "efc147d5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Rotation3DExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Rotation3DExample(ThreeDScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # přidání jednoduché základní krychle\n",
" cube = Cube(side_length=3, fill_opacity=1)\n",
"\n",
" self.begin_ambient_camera_rotation(rate=0.3)\n",
"\n",
" # posunutí orientace kamery bez animace\n",
" self.set_camera_orientation(phi=75 * DEGREES, theta=30 * DEGREES)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(cube), run_time=2)\n",
"\n",
" self.wait(3)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Unwrite(cube), run_time=2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "127ccd71",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Basic3DExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Basic3DExample(ThreeDScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # přidání jednoduché základní krychle\n",
" cube = Cube(side_length=3, fill_opacity=0.5)\n",
"\n",
" self.set_camera_orientation(phi=75 * DEGREES, theta=30 * DEGREES)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(cube))\n",
"\n",
" for axis in [RIGHT, UP, OUT]:\n",
" self.play(Rotate(cube, PI / 2, about_point=ORIGIN, axis=axis))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(cube))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "98daca2b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Kostry úloh"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "8746ae11",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Simulace binomického rozložení [6b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "18fb5e35",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh BinomialDistributionSimulation\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class BinomialDistributionSimulation(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b7139b0d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh BezierExample\n",
"\n",
"from random import choice, seed\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class MoveAndFade(Animation):\n",
" def __init__(self, mobject: Mobject, path: VMobject, **kwargs):\n",
" self.path = path\n",
" self.original = mobject.copy()\n",
" super().__init__(mobject, **kwargs)\n",
"\n",
" def interpolate_mobject(self, alpha: float) -> None:\n",
" point = self.path.point_from_proportion(self.rate_func(alpha))\n",
"\n",
" # tohle není úplně čisté, jelikož pokaždé vytváříme nový objekt\n",
" # je to kvůli tomu, že obj.fade() nenastavuje průhlednost ale přidává jí\n",
" self.mobject.become(self.original.copy()).move_to(point).fade(alpha)\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class BezierExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # křivku definujeme přes čtyři body:\n",
" # 2 krajní, ve kterých začíná a končí\n",
" # 2 kontrolní, které určují tvar\n",
" positions = [\n",
" UP + LEFT * 3, # počáteční\n",
" UP + RIGHT * 2, # 1. kontrolní\n",
" DOWN + LEFT * 2, # 2. kontrolní\n",
" DOWN + RIGHT * 3, # koncový\n",
" ]\n",
"\n",
" points = VGroup(*[Dot().move_to(position) for position in positions]).scale(1.5)\n",
"\n",
" # rozlišíme kontrolní body\n",
" points[1].set_color(BLUE)\n",
" points[2].set_color(BLUE)\n",
"\n",
" bezier = CubicBezier(*positions).scale(1.5)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(Write(bezier), Write(points))\n",
"\n",
" # animace posunu\n",
" circle = Circle(fill_opacity=1, stroke_opacity=0).scale(0.25).move_to(points[0])\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(circle, shift=RIGHT * 0.5))\n",
" self.play(MoveAlongPath(circle, bezier))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(circle))\n",
"\n",
" # animace posunu s mizením\n",
" circle = (\n",
" Circle(fill_color=GREEN, fill_opacity=1, stroke_opacity=0)\n",
" .scale(0.25)\n",
" .move_to(points[0])\n",
" )\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeIn(circle, shift=RIGHT * 0.5))\n",
" self.play(MoveAndFade(circle, bezier))\n",
"\n",
" self.play(FadeOut(bezier), FadeOut(points), FadeOut(circle))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4de93509",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 3D Game of Life [9b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "eee60fd6",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Dvoustavový [5b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "d95d2328",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh GOLTwoState\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class GOLTwoState(ThreeDScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "3fd9c87c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Vícestavový [3b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "9525cea2",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh GOLMultiState\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class GOLMultiState(ThreeDScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "464edd8b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Vlastní [1b]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "01394a96",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh GOLCustom\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class GOLCustom(ThreeDScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" pass"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.2"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

508
serial5.ipynb
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@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "substantial-impact",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Vítej!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "first-armenia",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Tento dokument obsahuje zdrojové kódy animací k páté sérii seriálu KSP. Před spouštěním opět nezapomeň Manim importovat spuštěním následujícího řádku!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "e03b150c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<pre style=\"white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace\">Manim Community <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">v0.15.0</span>\n",
"\n",
"</pre>\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"Manim Community \u001b[32mv0.\u001b[0m\u001b[32m15.0\u001b[0m\n",
"\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"from manim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5bd0ac2f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Vlastní animace"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "01394a96",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
" \r"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<video src=\"media/jupyter/StarFox@2022-05-01@14-58-31.mp4\" controls autoplay loop style=\"max-width: 60%;\" >\n",
" Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.\n",
" </video>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.Video object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh --disable_caching StarFox\n",
"# POZOR! Při změnách musíme opět zakázat cachování\n",
"# (Manim při změně animace nepozná změnu ve scéně)\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class Roll(Animation):\n",
" \"\"\"Animace, která otočí objekt o daný úhel, trochu ho při tom zmenší a posune se do strany.\"\"\"\n",
" \n",
" def __init__(self, mobject: Mobject, angle, direction, scale_ratio=0.85, **kwargs):\n",
" \"\"\"Konstruktor. Inicializuje potřebné věci animace.\"\"\"\n",
" # bude se nám hodit původní verze objektu, který animujeme\n",
" # (v animaci ho otiž budeme měnit)\n",
" self.original = mobject.copy()\n",
" \n",
" self.scale_ratio = scale_ratio\n",
" self.angle = angle\n",
" self.direction = direction\n",
" \n",
" super().__init__(mobject, **kwargs)\n",
"\n",
" def interpolate_mobject(self, alpha: float) -> None:\n",
" \"\"\"Funkce, která se volá každý snímek, aby se animace animovala.\"\"\"\n",
" \n",
" # alpha je od 0 do 1, ale animace mohla jako parametr dostat rate funkci\n",
" # proto je třeba tuto funkci na alphu aplikovat, a by se animace chovala správně\n",
" actual_alpha = self.rate_func(alpha)\n",
"\n",
" # chceme, aby objekt měl na začátku scale 1, v půlce scale_ratio a na konci 1\n",
" # tohle možná není nejelegantnější způsob, ale funguje\n",
" scale_alpha = 1 - (1 - self.scale_ratio) * 2 * (0.5 - abs(actual_alpha - 0.5))\n",
" \n",
" # chceme, aby objekt měl na začátku startovní pozici, pak se posunul a nakonec se vrátil\n",
" direction_alpha = there_and_back(actual_alpha)\n",
" \n",
" self.mobject.become(self.original.copy())\\\n",
" .rotate(actual_alpha * self.angle)\\\n",
" .scale(scale_alpha)\\\n",
" .shift(self.direction * direction_alpha)\n",
"\n",
" \n",
"class Dissolve(AnimationGroup):\n",
" \"\"\"Animace, která 'zmizí' objekt. Používáme zde AnimationGroup,\n",
" jelikož animace mizení je tvořena dvěma různými animacemi.\"\"\"\n",
" \n",
" def __init__(self, mobject: Mobject, **kwargs):\n",
" \"\"\"Konstruktor. Inicializuje potřebné věci animace.\"\"\"\n",
" self.original = mobject.copy()\n",
" \n",
" # způsob, jak do animate syntaxu dostaneme argumenty\n",
" a1 = mobject.animate.scale(0)\n",
" a2 = Flash(mobject, color=mobject.color)\n",
" \n",
" super().__init__(a1, a2, lag_ratio=0.75, **kwargs)\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"class StarFox(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" square = Square(color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.75).scale(1.5)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Roll(square, angle=PI, direction=LEFT * 0.75))\n",
" self.play(Roll(square, angle=-PI, direction=RIGHT * 0.75))\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Dissolve(square))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "cb6584c4",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Pluginy"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "226fa759",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Fyzika"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "49f08ea5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from manim_physics import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "18742bd7",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
" \r"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<video src=\"media/jupyter/FallingObjectsExample@2022-05-01@14-58-40.mp4\" controls autoplay loop style=\"max-width: 60%;\" >\n",
" Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.\n",
" </video>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.Video object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh FallingObjectsExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# příklad z https://github.com/Matheart/manim-physics\n",
"# SpaceScene je třída podporující fyzikální interakce\n",
"class FallingObjectsExample(SpaceScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" circle = Circle().shift(UP)\n",
" circle.set_fill(RED, 1)\n",
" circle.shift(DOWN + RIGHT)\n",
"\n",
" rect = Square().shift(UP)\n",
" rect.rotate(PI / 4)\n",
" rect.set_fill(YELLOW_A, 1)\n",
" rect.shift(UP * 2)\n",
" rect.scale(0.5)\n",
"\n",
" ground = Line([-4, -3.5, 0], [4, -3.5, 0])\n",
" wall1 = Line([-4, -3.5, 0], [-4, 3.5, 0])\n",
" wall2 = Line([4, -3.5, 0], [4, 3.5, 0])\n",
" walls = VGroup(ground, wall1, wall2)\n",
" self.add(walls)\n",
"\n",
" self.play(\n",
" DrawBorderThenFill(circle),\n",
" DrawBorderThenFill(rect),\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" # až doposud se jednalo o normální Manim kód\n",
" # nyní použijeme funkce, které objektům přidají fyziku\n",
" self.make_rigid_body(rect, circle) # čtverec a kruh jsou rigidní (hýbou se)\n",
" self.make_static_body(walls) # zdi jsou statické (nehýbou jse)\n",
" \n",
" # nyní počkáme - funkce výše přidaly objektům updatery\n",
" self.wait(5)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "61d9d3aa",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
" \r"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<video src=\"media/jupyter/ElectricFieldExample@2022-05-01@15-17-33.mp4\" controls autoplay loop style=\"max-width: 60%;\" >\n",
" Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.\n",
" </video>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.Video object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh ElectricFieldExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# zde stačí Scene, protože používáme pouze nové objekty\n",
"# příklad upravený z https://github.com/Matheart/manim-physics\n",
"# POZOR: kód trvá postavit opravdu dlouho, doporučuji používat nižší kvalitu\n",
"class ElectricFieldExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" charge1 = Charge(-1, LEFT + DOWN)\n",
" charge2 = Charge(2, RIGHT + DOWN)\n",
" charge3 = Charge(-1, UP)\n",
" \n",
" def rebuild(field):\n",
" \"\"\"Funkce která přestaví elektrické pole.\"\"\"\n",
" field.become(ElectricField(charge1, charge2, charge3))\n",
" \n",
" field = ElectricField(charge1, charge2, charge3)\n",
" \n",
" self.add(field, charge1, charge2, charge3)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(field), FadeIn(charge1), FadeIn(charge2), FadeIn(charge3))\n",
" \n",
" field.add_updater(rebuild)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(\n",
" charge1.animate.shift(LEFT),\n",
" charge2.animate.shift(RIGHT),\n",
" charge3.animate.shift(DOWN * 0.5),\n",
" run_time=2,\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "bba36496",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
" \r"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<video src=\"media/jupyter/MagnetismExample@2022-05-01@15-24-37.mp4\" controls autoplay loop style=\"max-width: 60%;\" >\n",
" Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.\n",
" </video>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.Video object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh MagnetismExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# příklad upravený z https://github.com/Matheart/manim-physics\n",
"# OPĚT POZOR: kód trvá postavit opravdu dlouho, doporučuji používat nižší kvalitu\n",
"class MagnetismExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" current1 = Current(LEFT * 2.5)\n",
" current2 = Current(RIGHT * 2.5, direction=IN)\n",
" \n",
" def rebuild(field):\n",
" \"\"\"Funkce která přestaví magnetické pole.\"\"\"\n",
" field.become(MagneticField(current1, current2))\n",
" \n",
" field = MagneticField(current1, current2)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(Write(field), FadeIn(current1), FadeIn(current2))\n",
" \n",
" field.add_updater(rebuild)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(\n",
" Rotate(current1, about_point=ORIGIN, angle=PI),\n",
" Rotate(current2, about_point=ORIGIN, angle=PI),\n",
" run_time=2,\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"id": "a63686ae",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
" \r"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<video src=\"media/jupyter/Pendulum@2022-05-01@15-24-56.mp4\" controls autoplay loop style=\"max-width: 60%;\" >\n",
" Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.\n",
" </video>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.Video object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh Pendulum\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# příklad upravený z https://github.com/Matheart/manim-physics\n",
"# opět používáme SpaceScene, jelikož animujeme fyzikální interakce\n",
"class Pendulum(SpaceScene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # pozice kuliček pendula\n",
" bob_positions = [RIGHT * 1.5 + UP, RIGHT * 1.5 + UP * 2]\n",
" \n",
" pendulum = MultiPendulum(\n",
" *bob_positions,\n",
" pivot_point=UP,\n",
" bob_style={\"color\": WHITE, \"fill_opacity\": 1, \"radius\": 0.15},\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" self.make_rigid_body(pendulum.bobs) # kuličky pendula jsou rigidní\n",
" pendulum.start_swinging() # a spojené\n",
" \n",
" self.add(pendulum)\n",
" \n",
" # budeme sledovat cestu obou kuliček\n",
" for i, bob in enumerate(pendulum.bobs):\n",
" self.bring_to_back(TracedPath(bob.get_center, stroke_color=DARK_GRAY))\n",
" \n",
" self.wait(12)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b1c1214e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Chemie"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"id": "74825cc6",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from chanim import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"id": "af492827",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
" \r"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<video src=\"media/jupyter/ChanimExample@2022-05-01@15-24-57.mp4\" controls autoplay loop style=\"max-width: 60%;\" >\n",
" Your browser does not support the <code>video</code> element.\n",
" </video>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.Video object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%manim -v WARNING -qh ChanimExample\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class ChanimExample(Scene):\n",
" def construct(self):\n",
" # chemická sloučenina\n",
" # interně využívá ChemFigový syntax (https://www.ctan.org/pkg/chemfig)\n",
" chem = ChemWithName(\n",
" \"*6((=O)-N(-CH_3)-*5(-N=-N(-CH_3)-=)--(=O)-N(-H_3C)-)\",\n",
" \"Caffeine\"\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" chem.move_to(ORIGIN)\n",
" \n",
" self.play(chem.creation_anim())"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b2c6e7b5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.2"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}
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